🔗 词枢纽 · 功能词

22 词,按链接度(同义词数量)降序排列 数据源:06_function.yml 浏览入口:_总索引

📑 词头索引

in · True · over · as · by · through all · under · after · before · about · but so · no · other · across · between · while or · some · any · each


in · 在……里面;在……期间;用(语言/材料)

prep · 链接度 8 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:inside a space; during a period of time; expressing means or medium

The keys are in the drawer. 钥匙在抽屉里。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
at在(点)at 指具体地点/时间点(at the door, at 3pm),in 指范围内(in the room, in July)in the city · at the corner
True在(面)on 指表面接触(on the table, on Monday),in 指封闭空间或较大时间段in the box · on the desk
within在……范围内within 强调”不超出界限”,in 是中性方位within the building · in the building

反义out · outside

Aaron 易错点

  • 时间三分法:at + 时间点(at noon),on + 某天(on Monday),in + 月/年/季节(in June)
  • in vs at 地点:in a city/country(大范围),at a specific spot(at the bus stop)
  • 写作中用 in:write in English / in pen / in pencil——表示语言或工具

习语

  • in the end = 最终
  • in time = 及时
  • in a hurry = 匆忙地

出现在介词 Prepositions · 时间表达 Time Expressions · 地点状语 Place Adverbials


True · 在……上面;关于;在(某天)

prep/adv · 链接度 7 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:touching and supported by a surface; concerning; on a particular day

The book is on the table. 书在桌子上。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
upon在……之上(正式)upon 是 on 的正式/书面形式,口语首选 ononce upon a time · on the table
above在……上方(不接触)above 表示悬空在上方不接触,on 表示接触表面on the shelf · above the clouds
over在……上方(覆盖)over 可以表示悬浮或覆盖,on 强调表面接触on the floor · a bridge over the river

反义False · under · below

Aaron 易错点

  • on + 具体日期/星期:on Monday, on 25 May(不用 in/at)
  • on TV / on the phone / on the Internet——媒介介词固定用 on
  • on foot 步行(固定搭配,不说 by foot

习语

  • on time = 准时(与 in time 区分)
  • on the way = 在路上
  • on holiday = 度假中

出现在介词 Prepositions · 时间表达 Time Expressions · 地点状语 Place Adverbials


over · 在……上方(覆盖/跨越);超过;翻越

prep/adv · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:above and covering; more than; across to the other side

A rainbow appeared over the hills. 彩虹出现在山丘上方。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
above在……上方(不覆盖)above 强调位置更高,over 可以有覆盖或跨越含义above sea level · a roof over our heads
True在……上(接触)on 指表面接触,over 指悬在上方或覆盖on the table · a blanket over the sofa
across横跨across 强调水平方向的穿越,over 强调纵向翻越over the fence · across the road

反义under · below · beneath

Aaron 易错点

  • over vs above:over the table(盖着桌子上方),above the table(高于桌子平面)
  • over 表数量超过:over 100 people(超过100人),above 表等级/水平高于
  • game over / it’s over 表示「结束」——特殊用法

习语

  • over and over = 一遍又一遍
  • get over = 克服;从……恢复
  • all over the world = 全世界

出现在介词 Prepositions · 地点状语 Place Adverbials · 数量比较 Comparisons


as · 当……时;因为;作为;像……一样

conj/prep/adv · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:at the time when; because; in the role of; to the same degree

As she walked in, everyone looked up. 她走进来时,所有人都抬起了头。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
since因为;自从since 作”因为”时偏书面,且前提已知;作时间时表”从某点到现在”as it was late · since it was late
because因为(直接原因)because 直接引出原因,语气最强;as/since 引出已知原因,语气较弱because she was ill · as she was ill
when当……时when 指某一时间点,as 强调两个动作同时进行或平行as she spoke · when she finished

反义unlike · differently from

Aaron 易错点

  • as/since/because 原因连词:because 最强最直接,as/since 引出已知或附带原因
  • as 作’像……一样’:as tall as him(同级比较),不说 so tall as(否定句除外)
  • as 作’作为’:work as a teacher(担任教师),不用 work like a teacher(like 表相似不表身份)

习语

  • as well as = 也;以及
  • as soon as = 一……就……
  • as long as = 只要

出现在原因状语从句 Reason Clauses · 时间从句 Time Clauses · 同级比较 Equality Comparisons


by · 在……旁边;通过(方式);不晚于(截止时间)

prep/adv · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:near; through the action of; not later than

Please finish it by Friday. 请在周五前完成。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
near靠近near 纯粹表位置靠近,by 还有”通过/方式”义sit by the window · near the school
through通过through 强调穿越过程,by 表示方式手段by bus · through the tunnel
via经由via 偏书面,强调路径或中间媒介travel via London · by train

反义away from · far from

Aaron 易错点

  • 交通方式固定用 by:by bus / by train / by car——不加冠词
  • 被动语态施动者用 by:It was written by him.(by 接施事)
  • 截止时间 by ≠ until:by 5pm = 5点前完成,until 5pm = 持续到5点

习语

  • by the way = 顺便说一句
  • by mistake = 不小心、误操作
  • step by step = 一步一步地

出现在介词 Prepositions · 被动语态 Passive Voice · 交通出行表达 Transport Expressions


through · 穿过;通过;贯穿始终

prep/adv · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:from one side to the other; by means of; from beginning to end

She walked through the park. 她穿过了公园。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
across横穿;跨越across 强调从表面一侧到另一侧(平面穿越),through 强调从内部穿透walk through a tunnel · walk across a field
via经由;通过via 偏书面,强调中间经过的路径或媒介travel via Paris · go through Paris
by通过(方式)by 表示使用某种手段/方式,through 表示经历过程by email · through experience

反义around · avoiding

Aaron 易错点

  • through 表内部穿越:through the forest(穿越森林内部),across the forest(穿越森林表面/边界)
  • through 表方式:learn through practice(通过实践学习)——介词用 through 不用 by
  • see through = 看穿;go through = 经历——固定搭配含义变化大

习语

  • see through = 看穿;坚持到底
  • go through = 经历;仔细检查

出现在介词 Prepositions · 地点状语 Place Adverbials


all · 全部;所有的;完全

det/pron/adv · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:the complete amount or number; every one

All the students passed the exam. 所有学生都通过了考试。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
whole整个whole 强调”完整不分割”,all 强调”总量/每个”;the whole class = all the studentsall the students · the whole class
every每一(强调无例外)every 强调逐个没有例外,all 强调总体all students passed · every student passed
entire整个(正式)entire 是 whole 的正式版,强调完整性the entire school · all the school

反义none · False · neither

Aaron 易错点

  • all vs whole:all the cake(所有蛋糕,可能分片),the whole cake(整个完整的蛋糕)
  • all vs every:all 后可接复数或不可数(all students / all water),every 只接可数单数(every student)
  • all day / all night / all year = 整天/整夜/整年(固定搭配)

习语

  • all of a sudden = 突然
  • after all = 毕竟
  • all right = 好的;没问题

出现在限定词 Determiners · 主谓一致 Subject-Verb Agreement


under · 在……下面;少于;处于(状态)

prep/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:below or beneath; less than; in a state of

The cat is sleeping under the table. 猫在桌子下面睡觉。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
below在……下方(不接触)below 强调位置低于某水平线,under 强调被盖住或直接在下方below zero · under the bed
beneath在……正下方(书面)beneath 是正式/文学用词,意思与 under 相近beneath the surface · under the table
underneath在……正下方(强调被覆盖)underneath 比 under 更强调”被遮盖在下面”underneath the carpet · under the bridge

反义over · above · on top of

Aaron 易错点

  • under vs below:under the bridge(在桥下,被遮盖),below the bridge(位置低于桥)
  • 数量少于用 under:under 18 years old / children under 10
  • under pressure / under control 是固定搭配,表示”处于某状态”

习语

  • under the weather = 身体不舒服
  • under control = 在控制之中

出现在介词 Prepositions · 地点状语 Place Adverbials · 数量比较 Comparisons


after · 在……之后;随后

prep/conj/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:following in time or order; behind someone

After dinner, we went for a walk. 晚饭后我们去散步了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
following在……之后(书面)following 是书面正式用词,after 口语书面均可following the meeting · after the meeting
behind在……后面(空间)behind 表示空间位置在后,after 表示时间顺序在后after lunch · walking behind her
subsequently随后(正式书面)subsequently 只用于书面,表示时间先后subsequently · after that

反义before · prior to · ahead of

Aaron 易错点

  • after vs behind:after lunch(时间),behind the door(空间)——两者不能互换
  • after 作连词接句子:After she left, I called.(从句用一般过去时,不用完成时)
  • time after time = 一次又一次(固定搭配)

习语

  • after all = 毕竟
  • day after day = 日复一日

出现在介词 Prepositions · 时间从句 Time Clauses · 时间表达 Time Expressions


before · 在……之前;以前

prep/conj/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:earlier than; in front of in time or order

Wash your hands before dinner. 饭前洗手。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
prior to在……之前(正式)prior to 是正式书面用法,before 口语书面均可prior to the meeting · before the meeting
in front of在……前面(空间)in front of 指空间位置在前,before 指时间顺序在前before dinner · standing in front of the class
ahead of提前;在……前方ahead of 强调时间上提前或空间上领先arrive ahead of time · before time

反义after · following · behind

Aaron 易错点

  • before vs in front of:before noon(时间),in front of the building(空间)——核心区分
  • before 作连词:Before you go, call me.(before 从句通常用一般现在时表将来)
  • never before = 从未(强调):I’ve never seen this before.

习语

  • before long = 不久
  • before you know it = 转眼间

出现在介词 Prepositions · 时间从句 Time Clauses · 时间表达 Time Expressions


about · 关于;大约;到处

prep/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:on the subject of; approximately; here and there

She knows a lot about animals. 她对动物了解很多。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
around大约;在……附近around 与 about 都可表”大约”,around 还有”围绕”义,about 还有”关于”义about 20 people · around 20 people
approximately大约(正式)approximately 是正式书面用词,about 和 around 更口语approximately 30 minutes · about 30 minutes
concerning关于(正式)concerning 是 about 的正式书面替换,多用于商务写作a letter concerning your order · about your order

反义exactly · precisely

Aaron 易错点

  • about 表大约时可与 around 互换:about 10 minutes = around 10 minutes
  • What about…? / How about…? 是提建议的固定句型
  • be about to = 即将(固定短语):She is about to leave.

习语

  • What about…? = ……怎么样?(提议)
  • be about to = 即将
  • just about = 几乎;差不多

出现在介词 Prepositions · 数量近似表达 Approximation


but · 但是;除了;只是

conj/prep/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:however; except; only

I wanted to go, but it was raining. 我本想去,但下雨了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
however然而(副词)however 是副词,用于句首/句中,需用逗号隔开;but 是连词,连接两个并列句but it's raining · However, it's raining.
yet然而;不过yet 语气比 but 更强,常用于强调转折,且更书面small but powerful · small yet powerful
though虽然;不过though 可放句末表示轻度转折,but 不能放句末but... · It's expensive, though.

反义and · so · therefore

Aaron 易错点

  • but vs however:but 是连词(直接连句子),however 是副词(句首加逗号)
  • but 表’除了’:everyone but Tom = everyone except Tom
  • not…but… 结构:not A but B(不是A而是B)

习语

  • but for = 要不是(虚拟条件)
  • nothing but = 只不过;仅仅

出现在并列连词 Coordinating Conjunctions · 转折句型 Contrast Sentences


so · 所以;那么;如此

conj/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:therefore; in that way; to such a degree

It was late, so we went home. 天色已晚,所以我们回家了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
therefore因此(正式)therefore 是正式书面用词,so 是口语连词;therefore 用于逻辑推论so I left · Therefore, I left.
thus因此(书面)thus 比 therefore 更正式、文学性更强so we decided · thus we decided
hence因此(书面强调)hence 极书面,现代英语多在正式文章中出现hence the name · so that's the name

反义but · however · although

Aaron 易错点

  • so vs therefore:so 是连词(We were tired, so we left),therefore 是副词(We were tired; therefore, we left.)
  • so that 引目的状语从句:I left early so that I could catch the train.
  • so…that 结果状语从句:She was so tired that she fell asleep.

习语

  • so far = 到目前为止
  • so that = 以便;为了
  • and so on = 等等

出现在并列连词 Coordinating Conjunctions · 结果状语从句 Result Clauses · 目的状语从句 Purpose Clauses


no · 没有;不;零

det/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:not any; used to refuse or deny; not at all

There is no time left. 没有时间了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
not不;没有(用于谓语否定)no 作限定词修饰名词(no money),not 用于否定谓语动词(I have not/don’t have)no water · not enough water
none没有(代词)none 是代词,单独使用(None of them came),no 是限定词,后跟名词no students · none of the students
zerozero 是数词,no 是限定词;两者都表”没有”但用法不同no mistakes · zero mistakes

反义True · some · any · all

Aaron 易错点

  • no vs not:no + 名词(no money),not + 动词(I do not have money)——位置不同
  • no one = nobody = 没有人(代词,作主语谓语用单数)
  • No way! / No problem! 是固定口语表达

习语

  • no longer = 不再
  • no matter = 无论
  • no wonder = 难怪

出现在限定词 Determiners · 否定句 Negative Sentences


other · 另外的;其他的

det/pron · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:different from the one already mentioned; remaining ones

I have one pen. The other is at home. 我有一支笔,另一支在家里。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
another另一个(泛指)another 是 an + other,指不特定的另一个;the other 指特定的另一个(两者中剩下的那个)another cup of tea · the other cup
others其他人/物(复数代词)others 是复数代词(Some students passed; others failed),other + 名词是限定词用法other students · others (pronoun)
else其他(用于疑问词/不定代词后)else 跟在 someone/something/nobody/what 等后面,other 修饰名词someone else · another person

反义same · this · these

Aaron 易错点

  • other / another / others 三词陷阱:another(泛指另一个,单数),the other(特指两者中另一个),others(其他人,复数代词),other + 复数名词(其他的……)
  • each other = 互相(固定搭配,不说 each the other
  • on the other hand = 另一方面(固定短语)

习语

  • each other = 互相
  • on the other hand = 另一方面
  • in other words = 换句话说

出现在限定词 Determiners · 代词 Pronouns


across · 横穿;在……对面;跨越

prep/adv · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:from one side to the other; on the opposite side

She swam across the river. 她游过了河。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
through穿过(内部)through 从内部穿越,across 从表面一端到另一端walk across the bridge · walk through the tunnel
over越过(翻越)over 表翻越或覆盖,across 表水平穿越across the street · jump over the fence
past经过(旁边)past 强调”从旁边经过”,across 强调”从一边到另一边”walk past the shop · walk across the square

反义along · away from

Aaron 易错点

  • across 与 through 的核心区分:across a field(穿越平面),through a forest(穿越内部)
  • come across = 偶然遇到(固定搭配,不是’跨来’)
  • across the country = 全国各地(固定用法)

习语

  • come across = 偶然遇到
  • get the message across = 传达意思

出现在介词 Prepositions · 地点状语 Place Adverbials


between · 在(两者)之间

prep · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:in the space or time separating two people, things, or points

Sit between Tom and me. 坐在 Tom 和我之间。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
among在(三者及以上)之间between 用于明确两者,among 用于模糊多者(三个或以上)between two choices · among friends
amid在……当中(书面)amid 是 among 的正式书面形式,among 更常用amid the crowd · among the crowd
in the middle of在……正中间更口语化、强调”正中”in the middle of the room · between the two buildings

反义outside · beyond

Aaron 易错点

  • between vs among:between Tom and Jerry(两人之间),among the students(多人中)——两者 vs 多者是核心
  • between 后代词用宾格:between you and me(不说 between you and I
  • between 两个具体时间点:between 3 and 5 pm

出现在介词 Prepositions · 地点状语 Place Adverbials · 时间表达 Time Expressions


while · 当……时候;尽管;一段时间(n.)

conj/n · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:during the time that; although; a period of time

I listened to music while doing homework. 我一边写作业一边听音乐。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
when当……时while 强调两个动作同时进行,when 强调某一时间点发生的动作while sleeping · when she arrived
as当……时(同步)as 强调两个动作完全同步平行,while 偏背景行为as I walked · while I walked
although尽管although 是 while 表转折义时的同义词,语义相同但 although 更正式while this is true · although this is true

反义until · before · after

Aaron 易错点

  • while vs when:While I was sleeping, the phone rang.(while 跟进行时,背景动作),When she arrived, I was sleeping.(when 跟一般时,事件发生点)
  • while 引导让步:While I understand your point, I disagree.(表转折,相当于 although)
  • for a while = 一会儿(短语,不可分开)

习语

  • for a while = 一会儿
  • once in a while = 偶尔

出现在时间从句 Time Clauses · 让步状语从句 Concessive Clauses · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


or · 或者;否则;还是

conj · 链接度 4 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:used to connect alternatives; otherwise; used in questions

Would you like tea or coffee? 你要茶还是咖啡?

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
nor也不nor 用于否定并列,与 neither 搭配;or 用于肯定/疑问句选择neither A nor B · A or B
either…or要么……要么either…or 是强化版选择,语气更明确,or 是简单并列either now or never · now or never
otherwise否则otherwise 是副词,表”要不然”,or 直接连词Hurry up, or you'll be late. · Hurry up; otherwise, you'll be late.

反义and · nor

Aaron 易错点

  • or 接受约束的谓语动词单复数:Tom or Jerry is coming.(靠近原则,用 is)
  • or 表’否则’:Run, or you’ll miss the bus.(= if not)
  • neither…nor 否定双主语:Neither Tom nor I am ready.(靠近原则)

习语

  • or else = 否则;要不然
  • sooner or later = 迟早

出现在并列连词 Coordinating Conjunctions · 主谓一致 Subject-Verb Agreement


some · 一些;某个;相当多

det/pron · 链接度 4 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:an unspecified amount or number; a part of; used in positive sentences

Would you like some cake? 你要来点蛋糕吗?

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
any任何;一些(否定/疑问)some 用于肯定句(或期待肯定回答的疑问句),any 用于否定句和一般疑问句some water (offer) · Is there any water?
a few几个(可数)a few 只修饰可数名词,some 可修饰可数和不可数名词some books · a few books
a little一点(不可数)a little 只修饰不可数名词,some 可修饰可数和不可数名词some water · a little water

反义none · False

Aaron 易错点

  • some vs any 核心规则:some 用肯定句,any 用否定句和一般疑问句(Would you like some…? 是提供时用 some)
  • some 在提建议/邀请时用:Would you like some tea?(期待 yes 的问句)
  • somebody/someone/something = some + 名词化,用于肯定句

出现在限定词 Determiners · 可数与不可数名词 Countable & Uncountable Nouns · 疑问句 Questions


any · 任何;一些(否定/疑问句);哪个都行

det/pron · 链接度 4 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:some (in questions and negatives); whichever you choose

I don’t have any money. 我没有钱。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
some一些(肯定句)some 用于肯定句/邀请,any 用于疑问句和否定句I have some · Do you have any?
every每一个(强调所有)every 强调”每一个无一例外”,any 强调”随便哪个都行”any of them · every one of them
either两者中任一either 限于两者,any 用于三者及以上any of the three · either of the two

反义none · False

Aaron 易错点

  • any vs some:否定句/疑问句用 any,肯定句用 some;提供/请求时用 some
  • any 在肯定句表’任何’:You can take any seat.(随便坐哪个)
  • anybody/anyone/anything 用于否定和疑问句

出现在限定词 Determiners · 否定句 Negative Sentences · 疑问句 Questions


each · 每一(个);各自

det/pron · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:every one of two or more people or things, considered separately

Each student has a notebook. 每个学生都有一本笔记本。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
every每一(整体强调无例外)each 强调”个体,逐一”,every 强调”整体,无例外”;each 可用于两者,every 至少三者each of the two · every one of the three
all全部all 强调整体总量,each 强调逐个的个体all students · each student
either两者之一(选择)either 用于两者中选一,each 用于两者或多者中逐一either hand · each hand

反义none · neither

Aaron 易错点

  • each vs every:each 单独强调个体(Each child is different),every 强调全体无例外(Every child needs love)
  • each 可用于两人:each of the two(every 不可)
  • each other = 互相(习语,不等于 each + other 字面意思)

习语

  • each other = 互相
  • each time = 每次

出现在限定词 Determiners · 主谓一致 Subject-Verb Agreement