🔵 词枢纽 · 动作动词
95 词,按链接度(同义词数量)降序排列 数据源:01_operations.yml 浏览入口:_总索引
📑 词头索引
pass · take · get · make · run · go fall · down · still · give · return · live turn · do · near · even · have · up drive · out · far · discover · move · south keep · north · come · learn · visit · well jump · leave · send · agree · bring · follow only · put · suppose · grow · prepare · be describe · enter · allow · fly · happen · understand ask · let · receive · continue · east · i travel · west · fail · almost · enjoy · further much · now · very · earn · eat · remember sing · sit · suggest · write · enough · hear lose · become · believe · choose · decide · improve own · walk · will · except · forget · here listen · spend · swim · arrive · ever · explain perform · seem · then · till · together
pass · 经过;传递;通过(考试);传球(n.)
v/n· 链接度 61 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:go by; move from one place or person to another; succeed in a test
She passed the salt across the table without looking up. 她头也没抬就把盐递过了桌子。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cross | 穿越;越过 | cross 强调从一侧到另一侧的跨越(cross the road),pass 是”经过”不一定有跨越动作 | cross the street · pass the school gate |
| hand | 递给 | hand 专指用手递交(hand in homework),pass 可以是扔、推、递等多种方式 | hand over documents |
| overtake | 超越;超车 | overtake 强调超过并领先,pass 只是经过或超越不含领先含义 | overtake on the highway |
| exceed | 超出;超过(数量) | exceed 用于数量或限度上的超过,pass 口语化,不用于数字场景 | exceed the speed limit |
反义:fail · stop · block
Aaron 易错点
- pass 通过考试 vs fail 不及格:I passed the exam(通过),不说
I passed in the exam - pass away = 去世(委婉说法)——不是「传走」
- pass sth to sb(传递物品)双宾语语序:pass me the ball / pass the ball to me
- time passes(时间流逝)是固定用法,不说
time goes pass
习语
- pass away = 去世(委婉)
- pass out = 昏倒;分发
- pass by = 经过;路过
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions
take · 拿;带走;乘坐;花费(时间);接受
v· 链接度 60 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move something or someone from one place; use; need (time or effort)
It takes courage to stand up for what is right. 坚持正义需要勇气。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bring | 带来(朝说话人) | take 是带走(离开说话人),bring 是带来(朝说话人)——方向相反,是 KET 最高频混淆对 | take to school · bring home |
| carry | 携带;搬运 | carry 强调”身体承载的过程”,take 强调”拿走的动作或结果” | carry a bag · take a bag |
| grab | 抓取;匆忙拿 | grab 含迅速或强力的动作意味,take 中性,grab 有紧迫感 | grab a seat before it's gone |
| accept | 接受 | accept 是心理上的接纳,take 是物理上的拿取;take sth 和 accept sth 场景不同 | accept an offer · take a gift |
反义:give · leave · return
Aaron 易错点
- take 不规则:take → took → taken,不是 taked
- take vs bring 方向陷阱:Take your umbrella(离家出门带走),Bring your umbrella(朝我这边带来)
- take + 时间:It takes 2 hours(花时间)——主语是 it,不是人
- take care of = 照顾;take part in = 参加;take off = 脱下/起飞——高频短语动词不能字面翻译
习语
- take care of = 照顾;负责
- take part in = 参加(活动)
- take off = 起飞;脱下(衣物)
- take place = 发生(不用被动语态)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 情态动词 Modal Verbs
get · 得到;变得;到达;使(某人)做某事
v· 链接度 58 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:obtain or receive; become; arrive; cause to happen
She got home late and got into bed without turning on the light. 她很晚才到家,没开灯就钻进了被子。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| obtain | 获得(正式) | obtain 书面、正式,get 口语、日常——考试写作用 obtain 更地道,但日常口语用 get | obtain a certificate · get a gift |
| receive | 收到(被动) | receive 强调”被给予、被送达”,get 更主动,有时含努力获得的意味 | receive a letter · get a letter |
| become | 变成;变得 | get + adj 是口语化的”变得”(get tired),become + adj/n 更正式书面 | get angry · become a doctor |
| arrive | 到达 | get to(到达某地)是口语替代,arrive at/in 更正式——意义相同风格不同 | get to school · arrive at school |
反义:give · lose · leave
Aaron 易错点
- get 不规则:get → got → got(英式)/ gotten(美式)
- get + adj = 变得:get cold / get dark——此处 get 是系动词,不能换成 have
- get sb to do = 让某人做(说服);have sb do = 让某人做(安排)——语气有别
- get on/off(上/下车)vs get in/out(上/下小轿车)——交通工具决定介词
习语
- get along (with) = 相处融洽
- get rid of = 摆脱;去除
- get used to = 习惯(+Ving)
- get over = 从……中恢复
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs
make · 制造;使得;赚得;做到;(n.)品牌
v/n· 链接度 53 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:create or produce something; cause a state or action; earn money
Hard work won’t always make you rich, but it makes you strong. 努力不一定让你富有,但它让你强大。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| create | 创造 | create 强调从无到有的独创性,make 更泛,可以是制作、引发、赚取等多义 | create art · make a model |
| produce | 生产;制作 | produce 偏工业或系统化生产,make 更口语通用 | produce cars · make dinner |
| cause | 导致;引起 | make + adj/v 表”使得”时,cause 是书面替换——make him cry / cause sadness | make a mess · cause trouble |
| earn | 赚得 | earn 专指通过劳动获取,make money 是口语化表达,两者语义相近但风格不同 | make a living · earn a salary |
反义:destroy · break · lose
Aaron 易错点
- make + 人 + adj:make me happy(让我高兴)——不是
make me be happy - make + 人 + do(不带 to):make him do it(对),
make him to do it(错) - make up = 化妆 / 编造 / 和好——三个义项完全不同,靠语境判断
- make sure (that):确保——固定搭配,不说
make certain在 KET 级别
习语
- make up = 化妆;编造;和好
- make sense = 说得通;有道理
- make up one’s mind = 下定决心
- make the most of = 充分利用
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 使役动词 Causative Verbs · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs
run · 跑;运营;运行;(n.)奔跑;一段路程
v/n· 链接度 50 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move fast on foot; manage or operate; work continuously (machines)
He runs five kilometres every morning before school. 他每天早上上学前跑五公里。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| jog | 慢跑 | jog 是匀速健身慢跑,run 更快、更广义——jog 是 run 的细分动作 | jog in the park · run for the bus |
| sprint | 冲刺;全速跑 | sprint 是全力短距离冲刺,是 run 中速度最快的一种 | sprint to the finish line |
| operate | 运营;运作 | 当 run 意为”运营”时,operate 是书面替换——run a business / operate a company | run a shop · operate a machine |
| flow | 流淌 | run 形容液体流淌(water runs)时,flow 是更文学的替换,但 flow 不用于跑步 | the river runs · the river flows |
反义:walk · stop · shut down
Aaron 易错点
- run 不规则:run → ran → run(过去分词与原形同形)
- run a business / run a school = 经营、管理,不是「跑企业」
- in the long run = 从长远来看(固定搭配,不是「在长跑中」)
- run out of = 用完:We ran out of time(时间不够了)——高频短语
习语
- run out of = 耗尽;用完
- in the long run = 从长远来看
- run into = 偶然遇见;撞上
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
go · 去;离开;变成(某种状态);(n.)尝试;轮次
v/n· 链接度 49 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move from one place to another (away from speaker); become a state; proceed
The milk has gone bad—don’t drink it. 牛奶坏掉了,别喝。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| come | 来(朝说话人) | go 是离开说话人方向,come 是靠近说话人方向——这是英语方向性的核心区分 | go to school · come home |
| leave | 离开 | leave 强调”离开某处”的动作本身,go 强调”前往另一处”的目的 | leave home at 8 · go to work |
| travel | 旅行;行进 | travel 强调途中行进的过程,go 只说方向不说过程 | travel by train · go to Paris |
| become | 变成 | go + adj 表示”变成(通常变坏)“时近义 become,但 go bad/wrong/mad 是固定搭配,become 不能替换 | go bad · become famous |
反义:come · stay · arrive
Aaron 易错点
- go 不规则:go → went → gone(过去式 went 不规则,必须记)
- go vs come 方向陷阱:Come here!(来我这儿)vs Go there!(去那儿)——以说话人为参照
- go + Ving 表示活动:go swimming / go shopping——不用不定式
- be gone = 已经不在了(与 have gone 区分:She is gone 是状态,She has gone 是完成)
习语
- go on = 继续;发生
- go through = 经历;仔细检查
- go for it = 去争取;加油(口语)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives
fall · 跌倒;下降;(秋天)落下;(n.)跌落;秋天(美式)
v/n· 链接度 39 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move downward or drop; decrease; happen suddenly (fall asleep/ill)
Leaves fall from the trees when autumn comes. 秋天一到,树叶纷纷飘落。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| drop | 落下;降低 | drop 强调突然快速下落(drop a cup),fall 更通用,也可缓慢下落(snow falls) | drop the ball · fall slowly |
| tumble | 跌跌撞撞;滚落 | tumble 含旋转或翻滚意味,fall 是垂直下落,tumble 更形象有动感 | tumble down the stairs |
| decrease | 减少;下降 | 当 fall 表示”数量下降”时,decrease 是书面替换;fall in prices / decrease in prices | prices fell sharply · temperature decreased |
| collapse | 倒塌;突然倒下 | collapse 是全面崩溃性倒下(建筑/身体垮掉),fall 是普通跌落 | collapse from exhaustion · fall off a bike |
反义:rise · climb · increase
Aaron 易错点
- fall 不规则:fall → fell → fallen(不是 falled)
- fall asleep / fall ill / fall in love——fall + adj 是固定搭配,表示「进入某状态」
- fall vs autumn:英式用 autumn,美式用 fall——KET 考试以英式为准
- fall out with sb = 与某人闹翻(不是「从某人那里落下」)
习语
- fall asleep = 入睡
- fall in love (with) = 爱上
- fall apart = 崩溃;散架
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 现在完成时 Present Perfect
down · 向下;沿着(prep.);低落的(adj.)
adv/prep/adj· 链接度 36 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:toward a lower level; along (a road or river); in a sad or low state
She sat down by the river and watched the water flow down to the sea. 她在河边坐下,望着水流向大海。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| below | 在……以下;低于 | below 是静态位置(below the line),down 强调”向下”的方向或动态移动 | below zero · go down |
| downward | 向下地(副词/形容词) | downward 明确说明方向,是 down 的正式替换,常用于书面 | a downward trend |
| low | 低;低落 | low 是形容词(程度/位置低),down 作形容词时偏情绪(I’m feeling down) | low price · feel down |
| along | 沿着 | down 作介词时可表”沿着向下”(down the street),along 侧重”水平方向沿” | down the hill · along the road |
反义:up · above · high
Aaron 易错点
- sit down / lie down / calm down——down 与动词搭配固定,不能换成 below 或 downward
- down 作形容词:I feel down today(情绪低落)——不是「我感觉向下」
- down 的短语动词陷阱:break down(故障/崩溃)/ let down(令失望)/ put down(放下/写下)
- write down = 记下(强调向下写在纸上),不说
write below
习语
- break down = 故障;崩溃;失控哭泣
- let sb down = 令某人失望
- upside down = 颠倒;混乱
出现在:介词 Prepositions · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs
still · 仍然;还是(adv.);静止的;平静的(adj.)
adv/adj· 链接度 35 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:continuing to happen; not moving; calm and quiet
It was still dark when she woke up, but the house was very still. 她醒来时天还黑着,但屋子里静极了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| yet | 还;仍然(否定/疑问句) | still 用于肯定句(still here),yet 用于否定句和疑问句(not yet / have you finished yet?)——位置和语境完全不同 | I still don't know · Has he arrived yet? |
| motionless | 一动不动的 | motionless 是书面形容词,强调”丝毫不动”,still 更口语且有情感色彩(stand still) | stand motionless · keep still |
| calm | 平静的 | still 形容物理上的静止(still water),calm 更多指心理的平静(calm person) | still lake · calm voice |
| nevertheless | 尽管如此(转折) | still 有时含”尽管如此”的转折语气(Still, it was worth trying),nevertheless 是书面替换 | Still, we tried. · nevertheless succeeded |
反义:moving · already · no longer
Aaron 易错点
- still 的位置:放在 be 动词之后、实义动词之前——She is still here / She still likes him
- still vs yet:He hasn’t done it yet(否定用 yet)vs He still hasn’t done it(强调持续未做)
- Stand still! = 站住别动!——形容词用法,不是副词
- still water(静水)是真实含义,不要望文生义为「仍然是水」
习语
- stand still = 一动不动地站着
- still waters run deep = 静水流深(外表平静内心深沉)
出现在:副词位置 Adverb Placement · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs
give · 给;赠予;提供;献出
v· 链接度 33 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:hand something to someone; provide or offer; perform an action (give a speech)
She gave him a look that said everything without a single word. 她给了他一个眼神,胜过千言万语。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| offer | 提供;主动给予 | offer 是主动提出(来者不一定接受),give 是实际给出(对方已接受或正在接受) | offer help · give help |
| hand | 递交;移交 | hand 专指用手递交,give 更广义,可以是给时间、给建议等抽象物 | hand over the keys · give advice |
| present | 赠予;呈献(正式) | present 含仪式感,强调”郑重地赠给”,give 是日常口语 | present an award · give a prize |
| donate | 捐赠 | donate 专指公益捐赠,give 是通用动词,donate 是语义子集 | donate to charity · give money |
反义:take · receive · keep
Aaron 易错点
- give 不规则:give → gave → given
- 双宾语语序:give sb sth(人在前)/ give sth to sb(to 接人)——两者均对
- give up = 放弃;give in = 让步屈服;give out = 分发/耗尽——三个方向意思不同
- give a speech / give a hand / give way——give + 名词 = 执行某动作,不能换成 do
习语
- give up = 放弃
- give in = 让步;屈服
- give away = 赠送;泄露(秘密)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 双宾语结构 Double Object
return · 返回;归还;回报(n.)
v/n· 链接度 33 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:come or go back; give back something borrowed; a profit or result
He returned the library book and returned home just before dinner. 他还了图书馆的书,在晚饭前赶回了家。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| come back | 回来(口语) | come back 是口语化的”回来”,return 更正式,书面写作优先用 return | come back home · return to school |
| go back | 回去 | go back 是口语化的”回到原地”,return 是正式替换,且不需要再加 back | go back to sleep · return to the topic |
| restore | 恢复;修复 | restore 含”恢复到原状”,return 是字面意义的”归还”,restore 多用于修复受损的事物 | restore old paintings · return borrowed items |
| reply | 回复;回答 | return a call(回电话)时,reply 是回答、回复文字,两者应用场景不同 | return a call · reply to an email |
反义:leave · take · depart
Aaron 易错点
- return back 是冗余——return 本身含 back 的意思,不说
return back - return 作名词:a return ticket(来回票,英式);in return(作为回报)
- return to + 地方:return to school(不是
return to at school) - by return(英式信件用语)= 立即回复——Aaron 读英式阅读理解可能遇到
习语
- in return (for) = 作为回报
- return ticket = 来回票(英式)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 介词 Prepositions
live · 生活;居住;活着(v.);现场直播的;活的(adj.)
v/adj· 链接度 31 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:be alive; reside in a place; remain in memory; (adj.) broadcast in real time
She lives alone, but she never feels lonely. 她独居,但从不感到孤单。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| reside | 居住(正式) | reside 是书面用词,强调”正式居所”,live 是日常口语,不可替换 live on(靠……生活) | reside in Paris · live in a flat |
| dwell | 居住(文学) | dwell 偏文学或古文用法,暗示扎根某处,比 live 更有诗意,现代日常不用 | dwell in a forest |
| exist | 存在;活着 | exist 强调”存在本身”,live 含”有质量地活着”——to exist is not enough; one must live | exist to eat · live to the fullest |
| survive | 生存;活下来 | survive 强调”在困境中活下来”,live 是正常的生活状态,survive 有历险含义 | survive the winter · live comfortably |
反义:die · leave · depart
Aaron 易错点
- live 作形容词发音 /laɪv/(现场的),作动词发音 /lɪv/(居住/生活)——同形异音
- live on sth = 靠……为生:live on rice(以米饭为食),不是「在米饭上面活着」
- live 与 life 辨析:live 是动词,life 是名词,❌ I love live → ✅ I love life
- live + 地点无介词歧义:live in a city(in 必须有)vs live abroad(副词无 in)
习语
- live up to = 达到(期望/标准)
- live on = 靠……生活;继续活着
- long live = ……万岁(祝愿用语)
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 介词 Prepositions · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs
turn · 转动;变成;轮到(v.);转弯;轮次(n.)
v/n· 链接度 29 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move around; change direction; become different; one’s chance in sequence
The leaves turn yellow and gold when autumn arrives. 秋天一到,树叶变成金黄色。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| rotate | 旋转(绕轴) | rotate 是专业术语,强调绕固定轴旋转(the earth rotates),turn 是日常用词更广义 | rotate 90 degrees · turn the key |
| spin | 快速旋转 | spin 是快速持续旋转(spinning top),turn 含方向变换,不一定旋转 | spin around · turn left |
| become | 变成 | turn + adj/n 表示变成新状态,含有”意外或明显转变”的意味,become 更中性书面 | turn red · become angry |
| twist | 扭转;扭曲 | twist 含力量和形变感(twist a towel),turn 更平稳,twist 常暗示不自然的弯曲 | twist the lid · turn the handle |
反义:stay · remain · keep straight
Aaron 易错点
- turn + adj(变得)是固定结构:turn cold / turn pale——不用 become 替换在固定搭配里
- turn up = 出现/调大(音量);turn down = 拒绝/调小;turn off = 关闭——三个方向含义不同
- take turns(轮流)固定搭配:take turns doing sth——不是
make turns - It’s your turn.(轮到你了)中 turn 是名词,不要用成动词
习语
- turn up = 出现;(音量)调大
- turn down = 拒绝;(音量)调小
- in turn = 依次;轮流地
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
do · 做;执行;(助动词)构成疑问/否定;起作用
v· 链接度 25 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:perform an action or task; be sufficient; (auxiliary) form questions and negatives
What do you do on weekends? — I do my homework, then do whatever I like. 你周末做什么?——我先写作业,然后做喜欢的事。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| perform | 执行;表演 | perform 更正式,强调按要求执行(perform a task),do 是日常口语的通用动词 | perform surgery · do an experiment |
| carry out | 执行;实施 | carry out 强调”完成执行”的过程,do 是更短促的通用词 | carry out a plan · do research |
| act | 行动;表演 | act 强调”采取行动”或”表演”,do 不含表演含义,act on(依照行动)是固定搭配 | act quickly · do something |
| work | 有效;起作用 | 当 do 表示”管用、足够”时,work 是口语近义词——Will this do? / Does it work? | This will do. · It works. |
反义:undo · avoid · neglect
Aaron 易错点
- do 双身份:实义动词(do homework)+ 助动词(Do you like…? / I don’t…)——不能混用
- do vs make 搭配无规律,必须背:do homework / make a mistake / do the dishes / make a cake
- do 不规则:do → did → done(不是 doed)
- do good / do harm / do damage——do + 抽象名词是固定搭配,不能换成 make
习语
- do well = 做得好;进展顺利
- do without = 没有……也行
- dos and don’ts = 行为规范;注意事项
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs
near · 近;附近(adv.);在……附近(prep.);接近的(adj.)
adv/prep/adj· 链接度 24 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:not far away in distance or time; close to
The school is near the park, so she walks there every day. 学校在公园附近,所以她每天步行去上课。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | 近;紧密的 | close 与 near 高度相似,但 close 更常用于形容词(a close friend),near 更常用于介词(near the door) | close to the station · near the school |
| nearby | 附近的(adj.) | nearby 只作形容词或副词,不可作介词;near 可三用——nearby shop vs near the shop | a nearby hospital · near here |
| next to | 紧挨着 | next to 强调”紧贴在旁边”,near 只说”附近”不一定挨着 | sit next to me · near the window |
| around | 在……周围;附近 | around 暗示”环绕或大致在某区域”,near 是更精确的”靠近” | around the corner · near the exit |
反义:far · distant · away
Aaron 易错点
- near vs nearby:near 可作介词(near the park),nearby 只作形容词/副词(a nearby park)
- near 比较级不规则:near → nearer → nearest(不是 more near)
- near miss = 险些发生的事故(差点撞上)——不是「几乎不中」
- in the near future(在不远的将来)固定搭配——不是
in the close future
习语
- in the near future = 在不远的将来
- near miss = 险些发生的事故
出现在:介词 Prepositions · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs
even · 甚至;连……都(adv.);平整的;均匀的;偶数的(adj.)
adv/adj· 链接度 23 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:used to emphasize something unexpected; flat and smooth; equal in amount
Even the teacher didn’t know the answer. 连老师都不知道答案。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| flat | 平坦的 | flat 是地理或物理上的平坦,even 作形容词时强调”均匀平整无起伏”,flat 更口语 | flat road · even surface |
| equal | 相等的 | equal 强调”数量或价值完全相等”,even 强调”分配或分布均匀” | equal rights · even share |
| still | 甚至(程度更进) | even 强调出乎意料,still 在比较句中强调程度更深(even better / still better 均可但含义微有不同) | even harder · still harder |
| despite | 尽管 | even though(尽管)是连词搭配,语义近 despite,但 despite 是介词不能接从句 | even though it rained · despite the rain |
反义:odd · uneven · unequal
Aaron 易错点
- even 的位置在强调词前面:even he did it / I didn’t even try——位置错会改变意思
- even if(即使——假设)vs even though(尽管——事实):Even if it rains… / Even though it rained…
- even number(偶数)vs odd number(奇数)——考数学英语 Aaron 必须记
- break even = 收支平衡(不亏不赚)——惯用语
习语
- even if = 即使(假设)
- even though = 尽管(事实)
- break even = 收支平衡
出现在:副词位置 Adverb Placement · 条件状语从句 Conditional Clauses · 让步状语从句 Concessive Clauses
have · 有;拥有;(助动词)构成完成时;经历;吃/喝
v· 链接度 23 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:own or possess; (auxiliary) form perfect tenses; eat or drink; experience
Have you ever had a pet? — I had a dog once, but now I have no time. 你养过宠物吗?——我养过一只狗,但现在没时间了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| own | 拥有(所有权) | own 强调法律意义上的所有权,have 是通用的”持有”,have 不能替换 own 作形容词(owner) | own a house · have a house |
| possess | 持有;占有 | possess 比 have 正式,书面语常见,有时含”掌握/控制”之意 | possess great talent · have talent |
| hold | 持有;举行 | hold 强调”手持或暂时保管”,have 更通用;hold a meeting 等固定搭配不能换成 have | hold a pen · have a pen |
| get | 得到 | have 是”拥有状态”,get 是”获得的动作”——I have a book(状态)/ I got a book(动作) | have an idea · get an idea |
反义:lack · lose · be without
Aaron 易错点
- have 双身份:实义动词(have a book)+ 助动词(have done = 完成时)——助动词时不能省
- have got = have(英式口语):I’ve got a cold = I have a cold——不是「得到了一场感冒」
- have to(必须)≠ must:have to 强调外部压力,must 强调内心认定——KET 高频辨析
- have breakfast/lunch/dinner——三餐不加冠词;have a meal(泛指一顿饭)加冠词
习语
- have to = 必须(外部压力)
- have a good time = 玩得开心
- have in common = 有共同点
出现在:现在完成时 Present Perfect · 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs · 情态动词 Modal Verbs
up · 向上;起来(adv.);沿着向上(prep.);运行中的(adj.)
adv/prep/adj· 链接度 23 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:to or in a higher place or level; along toward a higher point; awake and active
She got up early and climbed up to the hilltop to watch the sunrise. 她早起,爬上山顶去看日出。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| above | 在……上方(位置) | above 是静态位置(above the cloud),up 强调方向或动态上升(go up) | above the roof · go up the stairs |
| upward | 向上地(副词/形容词) | upward 是 up 的正式替换,常出现在书面(an upward trend),up 更口语 | look upward · look up |
| awake | 醒着 | be up = 起床了(I’m already up),be awake = 仍然清醒,两者在口语里接近但 up 含”已起身” | Are you up? · Are you awake? |
| ahead | 向前;领先 | up 在某些场景含”向前进步”之意(move up),ahead 专指空间或时间上在前面 | move up the ranks · go ahead |
反义:down · below · asleep
Aaron 易错点
- get up(起床)/ stand up / sit up——up 与动词搭配固定,不能换成 above
- up 短语动词陷阱:give up(放弃)/ look up(查找/仰望)/ use up(用完)/ make up(化妆/编造)
- up to(多达;取决于):It’s up to you(由你决定)——不是「到你上面」
- What’s up? = 怎么了 / 近况如何(口语问候)——不是「什么在上面」
习语
- give up = 放弃
- up to = 多达;取决于
- What’s up? = 怎么了?(口语)
出现在:介词 Prepositions · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs
drive · 驾驶;驱使;驱赶;(汽车)旅程(n.)
v/n· 链接度 22 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:operate and steer a vehicle; push or force someone to do something
She drives to work every morning, even when the roads are icy. 她每天早上都开车上班,哪怕路上结了冰。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| steer | 掌舵;引导 | steer 强调”控制方向”这个动作,drive 是整体驾驶行为——开船 steer,开车 drive | steer the boat around the rocks |
| operate | 操作;驾驶(机器) | operate 更正式,多用于飞机、机械、设备,drive 专属车辆日常语境 | operate heavy machinery |
| push | 推动;迫使 | drive sb to do sth(情感驱使),push sb to do sth(外部施压),push 更偏物理或强制 | pushed to the limit · driven by ambition |
| motivate | 激励;驱动(内在) | motivate 是正向驱动,drive 既可正向也可含逼迫意味 | motivated to succeed |
反义:stop · park · brake
Aaron 易错点
- drive 不规则:drive → drove → driven,不是 drived
- drive sb crazy/mad = 把某人逼疯(固定搭配),不是「开车把某人弄疯」
- go for a drive(兜风)固定名词用法,注意 drive 作名词
- drive to + 地点(开车去),不说
drive at 某地
习语
- drive sb crazy = 把某人逼疯
- go for a drive = 兜风
- drive home = 开车回家;把某点说清楚(比喻)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 宾语从句 Object Clauses
out · 在外;向外;出去;熄灭的(adj.)
adv/prep/adj· 链接度 22 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:away from the inside; no longer lit or working; not at home
The lights went out during the storm, and we sat in the dark. 暴风雨中灯突然全灭,我们坐在黑暗里。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| outside | 在外面;外部 | outside 是位置状态,out 是方向或动作——go out(动作),stand outside(位置) | wait outside · go out |
| away | 离开;远离 | away 强调距离感,out 强调离开内部空间——be away(不在)vs be out(不在家) | go away · step out |
| forth | 向前;出来(正式/文学) | forth 是书面语、文学用词(set forth = 出发),out 是日常口语 | set forth on a journey |
反义:in · inside · within
Aaron 易错点
- out 与动词搭配意思可完全变化:find out(发现)/ run out(用光)/ work out(解决/健身)
- out of + 名词:out of water(没水了)/ out of order(坏了),是固定搭配
- lights are out = 灯灭了,不是「灯在外面」——out 作表语时意思是「熄灭的」
- ❌ go to out / ✅ go out——out 作副词,前面不加 to
习语
- out of order = 出故障;不按顺序
- find out = 发现;查明
- run out of = 用完;耗尽
出现在:介词 Prepositions · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 副词 Adverbs
far · 远;很远;远处的(adj.);相当
adv/adj· 链接度 21 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:at or to a great distance; by a large amount
It’s not far—just ten minutes on the bus. 不远——坐公交十分钟就到了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| distant | 遥远的(形容词) | distant 是形容词,far 可以作副词和形容词——a distant mountain / far away | a distant star |
| remote | 偏远的;遥远的 | remote 含”难以到达”之意,far 只说距离,remote 多了”人迹罕至”的色彩 | a remote village |
| away | 离……有……距离 | 两者常连用——far away,单独 away 不强调距离,far 专指较大距离 | far away from home |
反义:near · close · nearby
Aaron 易错点
- far 比较级不规则:far → farther(距离)/ further(程度)→ farthest / furthest
- How far = 多远(距离提问),不要用 How long 问距离
- so far = 到目前为止(固定搭配),不是「好远」
- far too + 形容词(远不止……,太……了):far too difficult = 难太多了
习语
- so far = 迄今为止
- far and wide = 到处;四面八方
- go too far = 做过头了
出现在:比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 疑问句 Question Forms · 副词 Adverbs
discover · 发现;察觉;首次得知
v· 链接度 20 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:find or learn something for the first time; realize something previously unknown
Scientists discovered that the ancient cave paintings were over 20,000 years old. 科学家发现那些古老的洞穴壁画已有两万多年历史。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| find | 找到;发现 | find 更口语、更广泛(找钥匙/找答案),discover 含”首次揭示”的重要意味,多用于重大发现 | find your keys · discover a new species |
| uncover | 揭露;挖掘出 | uncover 暗含”被隐藏、被掩盖”,discover 更中性——uncover a scandal vs discover a planet | uncover the truth |
| reveal | 揭示;显现 | reveal 侧重主动展示或揭开,discover 侧重发现者的认知过程 | reveal a secret |
| detect | 察觉;探测 | detect 常用于科学、技术、细微信号——探测器 detector,discover 更泛,不限技术手段 | detect a signal |
反义:hide · overlook · miss
Aaron 易错点
- discover + that 从句(发现……这件事),不说
discover about - discovery(n.)名词复数:discoveries(y→ies)
- discover ≠ invent:discover 是发现已存在的事物,invent 是发明原本不存在的东西
- discoverer(发现者)≠ investigator(调查者),别混淆角色
习语
- make a discovery = 做出发现(名词搭配)
- discover for oneself = 亲自体会;自行发现
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 现在完成时 Present Perfect
move · 移动;搬家;感动;举措(n.)
v/n· 链接度 19 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:change position; go to live in a different place; cause someone to feel emotion
The music was so beautiful that it moved her to tears. 那音乐太动人了,她听着听着就哭了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| shift | 移动;转移(位置/注意力) | shift 多指短暂、小范围位置调整(shift your weight),move 可以是大规模搬迁 | shift your seat · move to a new city |
| transfer | 转移;迁移(正式) | transfer 多用于正式场合:转学、转账、调职——比 move 更有手续感 | transfer to another school |
| relocate | 迁移;重新安置 | relocate 专指整体性搬迁(公司/家庭迁址),move 更口语化、范围更广 | relocate to Shanghai |
| touch | 感动;触动 | move sb 和 touch sb 都有”令人感动”之意,touch 更温柔,move 更强烈 | a touching story · a moving speech |
反义:stay · stop · freeze
Aaron 易错点
- move 作情感用法时一般用被动:I was moved by the film(不是 The film moved me was good)
- move in(搬入)/ move out(搬出)/ move on(向前走,放下过去)——短语意思各不同
- on the move = 在移动中,忙个不停(固定表达,不是「在动作上」)
- moving(形容词)=感人的;moved(形容词)=被感动的——区分主被动修饰
习语
- move on = 继续前进;放下过去
- on the move = 忙碌中;不断移动
- make a move = 采取行动;离开
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 被动语态 Passive Voice · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs
south · 南;南方;向南(adv.);南部的(adj.)
n/adv/adj· 链接度 19 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:the direction to the right when you face east; toward the southern part
The birds fly south every winter to escape the cold. 鸟儿每年冬天都飞往南方,逃离严寒。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| southward | 向南地(adv.) | southward 强调方向动作(travel southward),south 更常作位置或名词 | head southward |
| southern | 南部的(形容词) | southern 是纯形容词(southern China),south 可作名词/副词/形容词——更灵活 | southern coast |
| subtropical | 亚热带的(南方气候联想) | subtropical 是科学地理词,south 是方向词,两者描述层面不同 | subtropical climate |
反义:north
Aaron 易错点
- 大写 South 指特定地区(the South = 美国南部),小写 south 是方向——首字母区分含义
- southern 修饰名词(southern China),不说
south China(除非作专有名词 South China) - go south = 向南走,口语也有「变差、崩掉」之意(Plans went south. = 计划泡汤了)
- in the south(在南方区域)/ to the south(在……的南边)——介词不同
出现在:方位介词 Prepositions of Place · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 副词 Adverbs
keep · 保持;保留;继续;养(动物)
v· 链接度 18 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:continue to have or do; stay in a certain state; not throw away
Keep the change—it’s my treat. 零钱不用找了,我请客。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| maintain | 维持;保养 | maintain 更正式,多用于机器/关系/水准的持续维护,keep 是日常口语表达 | maintain a friendship · keep in touch |
| retain | 保留;留存 | retain 强调”不失去、不丢弃”,keep 更宽泛,retain 多用于书面或法律语境 | retain the right to appeal |
| hold | 持有;保持(状态) | hold 偏手持或抓住,keep 偏持续状态——hold your breath vs keep quiet | hold the door · keep the door open |
| continue | 继续 | keep + Ving = continue + Ving,两者可互换但 keep 更口语,continue 更正式 | keep running · continue working |
反义:throw away · lose · give up
Aaron 易错点
- keep + Ving(持续做某事):Keep trying!(不要
keep to try) - keep sb waiting(让某人等)= 固定搭配,宾语接动名词
- keep a secret(保守秘密)/ keep a diary(写日记)——固定搭配别译漏
- keep 不规则:keep → kept → kept,不是 keeped
习语
- keep in touch = 保持联系
- keep a secret = 保守秘密
- keep up with = 跟上;不落后
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives
north · 北;北方;向北(adv.);北部的(adj.)
n/adv/adj· 链接度 18 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:the direction opposite to south; toward or in the northern part
The Northern Star has guided sailors north for thousands of years. 北极星指引着水手向北航行,已有数千年历史。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| northward | 向北地(adv.) | northward 强调行进方向,north 可兼作名词/副词/形容词 | sail northward |
| northern | 北部的(形容词) | northern 是形容词,修饰名词——northern Europe;north 更灵活,可作方位名词 | northern lights (极光) |
| arctic | 北极的;极北的 | arctic 指地理极北区域,带有极冷、冰雪意象,north 只是方向 | Arctic Circle |
反义:south
Aaron 易错点
- 大写 North 指特定地区(the North = 英国北部),小写 north 是方向
- North Star = 北极星(固定专有名词,首字母大写)
- northern hemisphere(北半球)固定搭配,hemisphere 是 PET 词汇
- to the north of(在……北边)/ in the north(在北部)——介词区分方位关系
出现在:方位介词 Prepositions of Place · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 副词 Adverbs
come · 来;到来(朝说话者方向);变成
v· 链接度 17 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move toward the speaker or a place being discussed; arrive; happen
Come here—I want to show you something amazing. 过来——我有好东西给你看。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| arrive | 到达;抵达 | arrive 强调到达目的地的结果,come 强调”朝我(说话者)方向移动”的过程 | arrive at school · come to me |
| approach | 接近;靠近 | approach 强调渐渐靠近的过程(距离缩短),come 更口语、更直接 | approach the platform |
| reach | 到达;伸手够到 | reach 强调到达终点(尤其是费力到达),come 不含努力的意味 | reach the top of the mountain |
反义:go · leave · depart
Aaron 易错点
- come vs go 方向陷阱:come = 朝说话人来,go = 离开说话人;❌ Go here! ✅ Come here!
- 邀请对方时用 come:Come to my party!(邀请对方来我这里),不说
go to my party - come 不规则:come → came → come(过去分词仍是 come,不是 comed/came)
- come true = 实现(梦想成真),come along = 一起来,come up with = 想出——短语各不同
习语
- come true = 实现;成真
- come up with = 想出(主意)
- come on = 加油;快点;来嘛
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 祈使句 Imperative
learn · 学习;学会;得知
v· 链接度 17 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:gain knowledge or skill through study or experience; find out information
The best way to learn a language is to use it every day. 学语言最好的方式就是天天用。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| study | 学习;研究 | study 强调”认真投入学习的过程”(I study two hours a day),learn 强调”习得结果” | study for the exam · learn to swim |
| master | 掌握;精通 | master 是 learn 的终极结果——完全掌握,不再有疑问,learn 只是过程 | master a skill |
| acquire | 获得;习得(正式) | acquire 更书面,常用于语言习得或能力获取,learn 更口语日常 | acquire a new language |
| discover | 发现;得知 | learn(得知信息)和 discover 在”得知”这个意思上重叠,但 discover 含”首次揭示”的重要性 | learn the truth · discover a secret |
反义:forget · teach · ignore
Aaron 易错点
- learn to do(学会做某事)≠ learn doing(❌不常用)——不定式表目标,动名词不适合
- teach sb / learn from sb 方向不同:Aaron learns from his teacher / the teacher teaches Aaron
- learn by heart = 背诵(固定搭配),不是「用心学」
- learn 不规则(英式):learn → learnt → learnt;规则(美式):learned——两种都接受
习语
- learn by heart = 背诵;记住
- learn from mistakes = 从错误中学习
- live and learn = 活到老学到老
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs
visit · 参观;拜访;探望;访问(n.)
v/n· 链接度 17 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:go to see a place or person; an act of going to see someone or somewhere
We visited the Great Wall on a clear autumn morning. 我们在一个晴朗的秋日清晨参观了长城。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| call on | 拜访(人) | call on sb 强调”上门拜访某人”,visit 既可拜访人也可参观地方 | call on an old friend |
| tour | 游览;参观(一圈) | tour 含”系统游览一圈”的意味(a tour of the museum),visit 是单次前往 | tour the factory |
| attend | 出席;参加 | attend 侧重正式场合(attend a meeting),visit 侧重自愿探访 | attend the conference |
| explore | 探索;游览 | explore 含主动发现、探索未知的色彩,visit 更平常,不含探险意味 | explore the old town |
反义:leave · avoid · stay away from
Aaron 易错点
- visit 直接接宾语:visit Beijing / visit sb,不说
visit to Beijing - make a visit to = pay a visit to(拜访,名词用法)——两者都正确,固定搭配
- visitor(参观者)≠ tourist(游客)——visitor 范围更广,tourist 专指旅游目的
- visit + 人(探望)/ visit + 地方(参观)——同一个词,注意宾语决定含义
习语
- pay a visit = 登门拜访
- on a visit to = 前往……访问期间
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles
well · 好地;充分地(adv.);健康的(adj.);好了(感叹词);井(n.)
adv/adj/interj/n· 链接度 17 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:in a good or satisfactory way; healthy; used to express hesitation or introduce a statement; a deep hole for water
Well, I never expected to see you here—what a surprise! 哎,我从来没想到会在这里见到你——真是太意外了!
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| good | 好的(形容词) | well 作副词(He plays well),good 作形容词(He is a good player)——混用是最大陷阱 | do well · do good work |
| fine | 很好;健康(口语) | I’m fine / I’m well——两者都表示”健康状态良好”,fine 更口语,well 更正式 | I'm feeling fine. |
| healthy | 健康的 | healthy 专指身体状态,well 作形容词时也表健康但更简洁——a healthy diet / I’m well | stay healthy |
反义:badly · poorly · ill
Aaron 易错点
- well ≠ good 作副词:❌ He sings good. ✅ He sings well.(修饰动词必须用副词 well)
- well 作感叹词(停顿/引出话题):Well, let me think… ≠ 「好」的判断
- be well(健康)vs do well(表现好)——两个 well 词性不同
- a well(一口井)= 名词,完全不同的意思——Aaron 读文章时注意上下文
- well done!(干得好!)固定表达,也是「全熟」(牛排)——语境决定意思
习语
- well done = 干得好;全熟(牛排)
- as well = 也;同样
- well-known = 众所周知的
出现在:形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 感叹词 Interjections
jump · 跳;跃过;猛然移动;涨幅(n.)
v/n· 链接度 16 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:push yourself off the ground; move suddenly; a sudden increase
The cat jumped onto the windowsill and stared at the street below. 猫一跃跳上窗台,俯视着下面的街道。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| leap | 腾跃;大幅跳 | leap 比 jump 距离更大、动作更有力,带文学气质——leap of faith vs jump over a puddle | leap across the stream |
| spring | 弹跳;猛地移动 | spring 强调弹性动作,多指从蜷缩状态突然跃出,jump 更通用 | spring to her feet |
| hop | 单脚跳;小跳 | hop 是单脚或小幅度跳(rabbit hops),jump 是双脚发力的大动作 | hop on one leg |
| bounce | 弹跳;跳起来 | bounce 强调弹性反复,jump 是一次性动作——a bouncing ball vs jump once | bounce on the trampoline |
反义:land · fall · drop
Aaron 易错点
- jump 后接介词:jump over(跳过)/ jump into(跳进)/ jump off(跳离)——介词不同意思不同
- jump at a chance = 迫不及待抓住机会(固定搭配,不是字面跳)
- jump the queue(英式)= 插队,不是「跳过队伍」
- stock prices jumped = 股价猛涨(jump 的比喻用法,非运动义)
习语
- jump at = 迫不及待地接受
- jump to conclusions = 仓促下结论
- jump the queue = 插队(英式)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 介词 Prepositions · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
leave · 离开;留下;遗忘(忘带);假期(n.)
v/n· 链接度 15 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:go away from a place or person; allow something to remain; time off from work
She left her umbrella on the bus—again. 她又一次把雨伞落在公交车上了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| depart | 出发;离开(正式) | depart 是正式语境(航班/班次)的离开,leave 是日常通用词 | depart from Terminal 2 |
| exit | 退出;离开(地点) | exit 强调”从出口离开”,可作名词(the exit)或动词,leave 更广泛 | exit the building |
| abandon | 抛弃;放弃 | abandon 含”遗弃、放任不管”的负面色彩,leave 只是离开,中性 | abandon a sinking ship |
| quit | 辞职;退出;停止 | quit 偏放弃某种行为或职位(quit smoking),leave 是物理离开或离职 | quit the job · leave the office |
反义:arrive · stay · come · return
Aaron 易错点
- leave vs left(形容词)词义陷阱:leave 动词(离开),left 作形容词=「剩余的」——the left food = 剩下的食物
- leave 不规则:leave → left → left,不是 leaved
- leave + 宾语(忘带):I left my phone at home = 手机忘在家里了(不是「我让手机在家」)
- leave + sb + alone = 别打扰某人;leave + sth + to sb = 把某事留给某人
习语
- leave behind = 把……落下;把……抛在身后
- leave alone = 不打扰;让……单独待着
- on leave = 休假中
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 宾语补足语 Object Complement
send · 发送;寄;派遣;使处于(某状态)
v· 链接度 15 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:cause something to go to another place; dispatch a person or thing; cause to be in a certain state
She sends her parents a postcard every time she travels abroad. 她每次出国旅行都会给父母寄一张明信片。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 邮寄;发邮件 | mail 专指通过邮政/邮件系统,send 可以是任何方式——send a text / mail a parcel | mail the package | |
| dispatch | 派遣;发送(正式) | dispatch 正式语气,多用于紧急任务或官方派遣,send 日常通用 | dispatch an ambulance |
| post | 邮寄(英式) | 英式英语用 post 表示邮寄,美式用 mail,send 两种语境通用 | post a letter (Br) |
| transmit | 传送;广播 | transmit 多用于技术/科学语境(传播疾病、发射信号),send 是日常动词 | transmit data |
反义:receive · get · fetch
Aaron 易错点
- send 不规则:send → sent → sent,不是 sended
- 双宾语顺序:send sb sth(人在前)= send sth to sb(物在前+介词)
- send for = 派人去叫/取(send for a doctor 叫医生来),不是「为……发送」
- send sb to + 地点(派人去某地)/ send sb + 形容词(使某人变成某状态)
习语
- send for = 派人去叫;叫(人/物)来
- send off = 寄出;为……送行;(足球)罚下
- send regards = 代为问候
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 双宾语结构 Double Object Verbs
agree · 同意;赞同;达成一致
v· 链接度 14 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:have the same opinion; accept a proposal; decide together
We all agreed that the movie was too long, but worth it. 我们都觉得这部电影太长了,但很值得看。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| approve | 批准;赞成 | approve 含官方或权威认可的意味(approve a plan),agree 是普通意见一致 | approve the budget |
| accept | 接受;认可 | accept 强调”收下/接受(邀请/提案)“,agree 强调”观点一致” | accept an invitation |
| consent | 同意(尤指正式许可) | consent 常用于需要正式同意的语境(parental consent),agree 更口语 | consent to the operation |
| concur | 同意;意见一致(正式) | concur 是 agree 的书面高阶版,多见于正式报告或学术讨论 | The judges concurred. |
反义:disagree · refuse · object · oppose
Aaron 易错点
- agree with sb(同意某人)/ agree on sth(就某事达成一致)/ agree to do(同意去做)——三种介词用法
- ❌ I agree you. ✅ I agree with you.——agree 必须加介词,不能直接接人
- I couldn’t agree more. = 我完全同意(双重否定 = 强烈肯定,不要字面翻译)
- agree 是动态动词,不用进行时——❌ I am agreeing with you.
习语
- agree to disagree = 各持己见;求同存异
- I couldn’t agree more. = 我完全同意(强调)
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 介词 Prepositions · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives
bring · 带来(朝说话者方向);引起;带领
v· 链接度 14 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:carry or take something or someone toward the speaker or to a place being discussed; cause something to happen
Please bring me a glass of water—I’ve been talking for an hour. 给我拿杯水来——我说了一个小时话了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| take | 带走(离开说话者方向) | bring = 朝说话人方向带(come + carry),take = 离开说话人方向带(go + carry)——方向完全相反 | bring it here · take it there |
| carry | 携带;搬运 | carry 只说”拿着/搬着”,不含方向信息;bring/take 则内含方向 | carry a heavy bag |
| fetch | 去拿来;接回 | fetch = 去(某处)拿回来(出去再回来),bring 只说”带过来”,不含去和回的往返动作 | fetch the ball |
| deliver | 递送;递交 | deliver 是正式的送达(送货上门),bring 更口语,不含”服务”含义 | deliver a package |
反义:take · remove · carry away
Aaron 易错点
- bring vs take 方向陷阱(Aaron 最高频错误):❌ Take your lunch to school(说话人在家,应用 take 对,但若老师说带来就用 bring)——以说话者位置为参照
- Bring + 宾语 + to + 地点:bring the book to me(朝我)/ take the book to school(去学校)
- bring 不规则:bring → brought → brought,不是 bringed
- bring about = 引起;bring up = 提出(话题)/ 抚养——短语动词意思大变
习语
- bring up = 提出(话题);抚养
- bring about = 导致;引起
- bring back = 带回来;唤起(记忆)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions
follow · 跟随;遵循;理解;接着发生
v· 链接度 14 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:go after someone; obey a rule; understand what is said; come after in sequence
Follow the river downstream and you’ll find the village. 沿河流顺流而下,你就能找到那个村子。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pursue | 追赶;追求 | pursue 含”主动努力追”的强烈意图(pursue a dream / pursue a suspect),follow 更中性 | pursue a career in music |
| obey | 服从;遵守 | follow 表遵循规则(follow the rules)偏中性,obey 含服从权威的层级关系 | obey orders · follow instructions |
| trace | 追踪;跟踪 | trace 强调循迹而行(追踪路线/根源),follow 是通用跟随 | trace the route on a map |
| track | 追踪;跟踪(数据) | track 强调持续监测(track progress),follow 可以是一次性动作 | track the package |
反义:lead · precede · ignore
Aaron 易错点
- follow sb = 跟随某人(物理跟随或社交媒体关注),两种意思 Aaron 都需要掌握
- follow + 指令(follow instructions / follow rules)——follow 接什么都不加介词
- Does that follow? / Do you follow? = 你理解了吗?(口语问句,不是「你跟上了吗?」的字面义)
- following(adj.)= 接下来的(the following day),不要误认为是进行时
习语
- follow up = 跟进;后续处理
- follow through = 坚持到底;善始善终
- follow suit = 仿效;跟着做
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
only · 只;仅仅;唯一的(adj.);只是(conj.)
adv/adj/conj· 链接度 14 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:and no one or nothing more; no more than; used to say just one thing or person
I only need five minutes—please don’t give up on me yet. 我只需要五分钟——请再等我一下,别放弃我。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| just | 只;仅仅(口语) | just 比 only 更口语化,两者在”仅仅”意义上接近,但 only 更正式,also 含义更强调排他 | just one · only one |
| merely | 不过;仅仅(略带贬义) | merely 含”只不过,区区”的轻视色彩,only 中性,merely 更书面 | merely a child |
| solely | 单独地;完全地 | solely 强调”完全、专门、排他”,only 有时留余地,solely 没有例外 | solely responsible |
| alone | 单独;仅仅(强调唯一) | You alone can decide.(只有你才能……)用 alone 强调唯一性,比 only 更有文学感 | she alone knew |
反义:also · additionally · too · moreover
Aaron 易错点
- only 的位置影响意思:I only told her(我只是告诉了她)vs I told only her(我只告诉了她一人)——位置决定强调对象
- an only child = 独生子女(固定用法,only 作形容词前置)
- only if = 只有在……情况下(条件强调),not only…but also = 不但……而且
- only 作连词表「只是」:I would come, only I’m too tired.(书面用法,Aaron 在 FCE 阅读会遇到)
习语
- not only…but also = 不但……而且
- only if = 只有当……才
- if only = 要是……就好了(虚拟语气)
出现在:副词 Adverbs · 强调句 Cleft Sentences · 条件句 Conditional Sentences
put · 放;置;使处于某状态;表达
v· 链接度 14 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move something to a place and leave it there; express in words
She put the book on the table and turned off the light. 她把书放到桌上,然后关了灯。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| place | 放置(更正式、更小心翼翼) | place 强调”仔细摆好”,put 是日常随手放——place the vase 像博物馆陈列,put the vase 是普通放 | place the trophy on the shelf |
| set | 设置;放(带目的性) | set 含”就位以便使用”的意味,put 只是空间位移——set the table(摆好桌子)vs put the plates(放盘子) | set the alarm / set the table |
| lay | 平放;铺 | lay 强调水平放置,put 不限方向——lay the map flat on the floor | lay the baby down · lay bricks |
| deposit | 放下;存入 | deposit 是正式用词,多指存钱或放重要物品,put 更口语 | deposit money in the bank |
反义:remove · take · lift
Aaron 易错点
- put 不规则:put → put → put(三态同形),❌ putted 是错的
- put on(穿上)vs put off(推迟)vs put out(扑灭)——短语动词靠 on/off 定义,不是 put 本身
- put sth 后必须接地点,不能孤立用:❌ I put it. ✅ I put it down / on the table.
习语
- put off = 推迟;拖延
- put on = 穿上;增加(体重)
- put up with = 忍受
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions
suppose · 假设;认为;猜想
v· 链接度 14 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:think that something is likely to be true; use as a starting assumption
Suppose it rains tomorrow—what will we do with the picnic? 假设明天下雨,我们的野餐怎么办?
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| assume | 假定;以为 | assume 是”不加验证地认定”,suppose 可以是”暂时假设以便讨论”——assume 更自信,suppose 更试探 | I assume you've read it. · Suppose it's true. |
| guess | 猜测 | guess 是随机猜,suppose 是基于逻辑的推测——I guess 口语随意,I suppose 稍正式一点 | I guess so. · I suppose it's possible. |
| presume | 推定;冒昧认为 | presume 是”在证据不足时大胆假定”,带一定冒昧色彩,比 suppose 更主动 | I presume you're the new student. |
| imagine | 想象;设想 | imagine 偏向”脑海中构建画面”,suppose 偏向”逻辑前提的假设” | Imagine you're on a spaceship. |
反义:know · prove · confirm
Aaron 易错点
- be supposed to do = 本应该做(义务/预期):You’re supposed to be in class. 不是「你假设在教室」
- I suppose so.(我猜是的)是固定软回应,语气比 I think so 更不确定
- suppose 接 that 从句,that 可省:I suppose (that) you’re right.
出现在:宾语从句 Object Clauses · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 条件句 Conditionals
grow · 生长;成长;变得;种植
v· 链接度 13 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:become bigger, taller, or more developed; become over time; cultivate plants
The sunflower grew taller than the fence by mid-summer. 到仲夏时,向日葵已经长得比栅栏还高了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| develop | 发展;发育 | develop 强调”有计划有方向地发展”,grow 更自然、更生物性——grow 像植物,develop 像工程 | develop a skill · grow stronger |
| increase | 增加;增长 | increase 偏向数量/程度上升,grow 更多指自然成长——the population grew / prices increased | the crowd grew · profits increased |
| expand | 扩大;扩展 | expand 是”向外延伸/扩展版图”,grow 可以是内在的生长——expand a business vs grow as a person | expand the team · grow in confidence |
| mature | 成熟;发育完全 | mature 强调”达到完全成熟状态”,是 grow 过程的终点 | mature with age |
反义:shrink · wither · decline
Aaron 易错点
- grow 不规则:grow → grew → grown,❌ growed 错
- grow up(长大)是短语动词,不能说
grow big(除非指体型大):She grew up in Beijing. - grow + 形容词 = 变得:grow old(变老)/ grow dark(变暗)——这里 grow 是连系动词
习语
- grow up = 长大成人
- grow out of = 因长大而不再适合;戒掉(习惯)
- grow on sb = (某事物)越来越让人喜欢
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 连系动词 Linking Verbs
prepare · 准备;预备;烹饪
v· 链接度 13 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:make ready for a purpose; get something or someone ready in advance
She spent all morning preparing for the school presentation. 她花了整个上午为学校演示做准备。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| arrange | 安排;布置 | arrange 是”整理出合理的顺序/格局”,prepare 是”为将来的事做准备”——arrange a meeting vs prepare for a meeting | arrange the chairs · prepare the speech |
| organize | 组织;安排(系统化) | organize 强调”系统化、有条理地整合”,prepare 更偏向”弄好以便使用” | organize files · prepare ingredients |
| plan | 计划;策划 | plan 是在脑子里想好步骤,prepare 是动手行动——plan first, then prepare | plan a trip · prepare supplies |
| get ready | 做好准备(口语) | get ready 是口语化的 prepare,更随意——Get ready! 不像 Prepare! 那么书面 | get ready for school |
反义:neglect · improvise · forget
Aaron 易错点
- prepare for sth(为某事做准备)vs prepare sth(准备某物)——两种用法都对,注意 for 的有无
- prepared(形容词)= 有准备的:Are you prepared for the test? 不是
Are you prepare for the test? - preparation 是名词(准备工作),不是 preparement
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 介词 Prepositions
be · 是;在;存在(助动词用于被动语态 / 进行时)
v· 链接度 12 · CEFRA1-A2· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:link subject to description; show existence; form passive or progressive tenses
There is a dragon in every good story. 每个好故事里都有一条龙。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| exist | 存在 | exist 是 be 在”存在”义上的书面替代——Does magic exist? 比 Is magic here? 更书面 | Dinosaurs no longer exist. |
| become | 变成 | become 是 be 的动态版——She became a doctor(过程),She is a doctor(结果状态) | become friends · be friends |
| remain | 保持;仍然是 | remain 强调”维持不变”,be 是中性状态——He remained calm(持续保持)vs He was calm(当时是) | remain silent · be quiet |
反义:cease · vanish · disappear
Aaron 易错点
- be 三大用法:① 连系动词(She is tall)② 助动词-进行时(He is running)③ 助动词-被动语态(The book was written)——三者要分清
- There be 就近一致:There is a cat and two dogs.(就近用 is,不跟后面复数)
- be 变形全族:am/is/are(现在)/ was/were(过去)/ been(过去分词)/ being(进行式)
- ❌ She is be tired. ✅ She is tired.(is 本身就是 be,不能叠加)
习语
- be about to = 即将(要)做某事
- be up to = 由……决定;在做(某事/坏事)
- so be it = 就这样吧(接受现实)
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 被动语态 Passive Voice · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · there be 句型 There be Structure
describe · 描述;形容;描绘
v· 链接度 12 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:say or write what someone or something is like; give details about
Can you describe what the thief looked like? 你能描述一下那个小偷的样子吗?
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| explain | 解释;说明(原因/过程) | explain 是”说清楚为什么/怎么做”,describe 是”说清楚看起来是什么样”——describe the scene vs explain the reason | explain the rules · describe the character |
| portray | 描绘;刻画(艺术/文学) | portray 是文学/艺术术语,指塑造形象——portray a hero in a novel vs describe a building | portray the villain vividly |
| depict | 描绘(视觉/文学) | depict 偏书面,常指图像或文字画面感强的描绘,比 describe 更正式 | The painting depicts a battle. |
| outline | 概述;勾勒 | outline 是”只说要点不展开”,describe 是较全面的描述 | outline the main points |
反义:ignore · omit · overlook
Aaron 易错点
- describe + 宾语(不要加 about):❌ describe about the story / ✅ describe the story
- 描述题型套句:The picture describes / shows…(KET 阅读图文题首句常用)
- description 是名词(一段描述),不要写 describtion
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 被动语态 Passive Voice
enter · 进入;参加;输入(n. 回车键)
v/n· 链接度 12 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:go into a place; join a competition; type information into a device
He knocked before entering the room. 他敲了门才走进房间。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| go in | 进去(口语) | go in 是日常口语,enter 更书面正式——Enter the building(公告语)vs Go in(和朋友说) | go in the shop · enter the museum |
| come in | 进来(朝说话者方向) | come in 强调方向”朝我(说话者)这里来”,enter 无方向限定 | Come in! · Enter the hall. |
| join | 加入;参加 | join 是”成为成员/参与者”,enter 多指”进入某比赛或考试”——enter a contest vs join the team | enter the competition · join the club |
| access | 进入;访问 | access 多用于系统/数据,enter 用于物理空间或比赛——access the website vs enter the building | access the database · enter the room |
反义:exit · leave · quit
Aaron 易错点
- enter 不加 into(直接跟宾语):❌ enter into the room / ✅ enter the room
- enter a competition / enter an exam = 报名参加——不是「进入比赛现场」
- Press Enter = 按回车(键盘键名)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 祈使句 Imperative · 介词 Prepositions
allow · 允许;让;给(时间/空间)
v· 链接度 11 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:let someone do something; give permission; make something possible
My parents allow me to stay up until ten on Fridays. 我父母允许我周五晚上待到十点。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| let | 让;允许(口语) | let sb do(不带 to)是口语,allow sb to do(带 to)是正式——Let me go vs Allow me to leave | let him stay · allow them to enter |
| permit | 许可(书面/正式) | permit 是官方或法律层面的许可,allow 更日常——permit photography vs allow photos | permit access · not permitted |
| enable | 使能够;让……有能力 | enable 是”创造条件使得可以”,allow 是”给予允许”——enable 偏工具性,allow 偏主观授权 | The app enables you to track progress. |
| tolerate | 容忍;允许(消极容忍) | tolerate 是不喜欢但接受,allow 是主动授权——We allow jokes; we tolerate noise. | tolerate bad behavior |
反义:forbid · ban · prevent · prohibit
Aaron 易错点
- allow sb to do(必须带 to):❌ allow me go / ✅ allow me to go
- let sb do(不带 to):❌ let me to go / ✅ let me go——let 和 allow 句型正好相反
- not allowed = 禁止(公告语):Smoking is not allowed here.
出现在:情态动词 Modal Verbs · 不定式 Infinitives · 被动语态 Passive Voice
fly · 飞;乘飞机;飞速而过;苍蝇(n.)
v/n· 链接度 11 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move through the air; travel by plane; pass quickly
Time flies when you’re reading a good book. 读一本好书的时候,时间过得飞快。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| soar | 翱翔;飙升 | soar 是”高飞、上升”,带昂扬感——fly 是通用词,soar 有诗意或比喻(prices soared) | eagles soar · prices soared |
| glide | 滑翔;滑行 | glide 是”无动力平稳移动”,fly 是通用飞行——glide 更安静优雅 | glide through the air · glide on ice |
| hover | 盘旋;悬停 | hover 是”在一处停留不走”,fly 是移动中的飞行 | a helicopter hovers above |
| speed | 飞速前进 | fly 可比喻”极快”(time flies),speed 强调速度本身 | The car sped down the road. |
反义:land · crash · crawl
Aaron 易错点
- fly 不规则:fly → flew → flown,❌ flied(棒球术语除外)
- time flies(时光飞逝)固定表达,不说
time flys(三单是 flies 不是 flys) - fly to + 地点(乘飞机去):fly to London,不加 by plane 也包含了乘飞机的意思
习语
- time flies = 时光飞逝
- fly off the handle = 突然发怒(口语)
- let it fly = 随它去吧
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般现在时(三单)Simple Present
happen · 发生(偶然/自然);碰巧
v· 链接度 11 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:take place without being planned; occur by chance
Nobody knows exactly how the accident happened. 没人确切知道这起事故是怎么发生的。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| occur | 发生(较正式) | occur 偏书面正式,且可指有计划的事也指偶发;happen 更口语,且强调偶发、意外——earthquakes occur vs it just happened | The accident occurred at 8 p.m. |
| take place | 发生;举行(有计划) | take place 多指有预期、有组织的事件,happen 强调无计划——The concert took place vs It happened suddenly | The ceremony takes place on Friday. |
| come about | 发生;产生 | come about 带有”是怎么来的”的追溯语气——How did it come about? 比 how did it happen? 更追问过程 | How did the idea come about? |
| arise | 出现;发生(问题/机会) | arise 多指抽象事物(问题、机会)的出现,happen 更通用 | Problems arose during the project. |
反义:plan · cause · prevent
Aaron 易错点
- happen to sb(某人身上发生了事):What happened to you?——不是
What happened for you? - happen to do(碰巧做了某事):I happened to meet her in the library.(碰巧碰到)
- happen 不用被动语态,没有
It was happened——happen 本身已是不及物
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 不及物动词 Intransitive Verbs
understand · 理解(逻辑/含义);懂得;被告知
v· 链接度 11 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:know the meaning or reason for something; grasp logically or emotionally
I finally understood why the equation didn’t balance. 我终于明白了这个等式为什么不成立。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| know | 知道(事实) | know 是”知道一个事实”,understand 是”懂得其中道理/逻辑”——I know the answer(知道答案)/ I understand the reason(明白原因) | know the name · understand the concept |
| grasp | 领会;抓住要点 | grasp 含”主动努力才抓住”的意味,understand 是通用词——grasp the idea 比 understand the idea 更强调努力 | grasp the main point |
| comprehend | 理解(书面) | comprehend 比 understand 更正式书面,多用于学术或阅读理解——reading comprehension | fully comprehend the text |
| realize | 意识到;领悟 | realize 是”突然意识到”,understand 是”持续地懂”——I realized it was wrong(突然顿悟) | realize a mistake · understand a rule |
反义:misunderstand · confuse · overlook
Aaron 易错点
- understand vs know:know 我知道她的名字,understand 我明白她为什么这么做——知道事实 vs 懂得道理
- understand 不用进行时:❌ I am understanding it. ✅ I understand it now.
- make yourself understood = 让别人听懂自己(被动用法固定)
- understand 不规则感:understand → understood → understood(三态后两同)
出现在:宾语从句 Object Clauses · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs
ask · 问;请求;邀请
v· 链接度 10 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:put a question to someone; make a request; invite
He raised his hand and asked the teacher a question about Mars. 他举起手,问老师一个关于火星的问题。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| request | 请求(书面/正式) | request 比 ask 更正式礼貌——May I request your assistance?(公文)vs Can I ask for help?(口语) | request a refund · ask for help |
| inquire | 询问;调查(正式) | inquire 是书面正式用词,多用于官方调查或正式问询——inquire about a flight vs ask about a flight | inquire about the price |
| question | 质疑;盘问 | question sb = 盘问某人(带怀疑态度),ask 是中性的”问” | question a suspect |
| query | 质询;提问 | query 含轻微”怀疑是否正确”的语气,ask 是单纯的问 | query an invoice |
反义:answer · reply · respond · tell
Aaron 易错点
- ask sb sth(问某人某事):ask me a question;ask sb to do(让某人做):ask her to come
- ask for sth(索要某物):ask for water——不是
ask water - ask vs request 礼貌度:ask(正常)→ request(更礼貌)→ beg(恳求)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 间接引语 Reported Speech · 不定式 Infinitives
let · 让;允许;(出租房屋)
v· 链接度 10 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:allow someone to do something; cause to happen; rent out a property
Let the music carry you to another world. 让音乐把你带入另一个世界。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| allow | 允许(正式) | let sb do(不带 to)口语简洁,allow sb to do(带 to)正式——两者都是”许可”但句型相反 | let him go · allow him to go |
| permit | 许可(正式书面) | permit 是官方正式许可,let 是口语随意许可——permit filming vs let us film | permit entry · let sb in |
| make | 使;让(强制) | make sb do(强制让人做)是强迫,let sb do 是允许——make him cry(让他哭了)vs let him cry(任他哭) | make sb work · let sb rest |
| have | 使;让(安排) | have sb do(安排/指使做)语气介于 make 和 let 之间——have him fix it(叫他修) | have sb do sth |
反义:forbid · prevent · stop · block
Aaron 易错点
- let sb do(不带 to):❌ let me to go / ✅ let me go——let 后面跟动词原形,不加 to
- let vs allow vs make 三词战:let(许可,do)/ allow(许可,to do)/ make(强制,do)
- Let’s = Let us(祈使句邀请):Let’s go!(我们走吧)——不是「让我们」的字面直译
- let 不规则:let → let → let(三态同形)
习语
- Let’s go! = 走吧!
- let sb down = 让某人失望
- let it go = 算了;放手
出现在:不定式 Infinitives · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 祈使句 Imperative
receive · 收到;接受;接待
v· 链接度 10 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:get something that is sent, given, or offered; welcome someone
She received a letter from her pen pal in Australia. 她收到了澳大利亚笔友寄来的一封信。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| get | 得到(口语) | get 是口语万能词,receive 更正式——I got a gift(口语)/ I received an award(正式) | get a message · receive a medal |
| obtain | 获得(通过努力) | obtain 强调”经过努力或程序才得到”,receive 是被动得到——obtain a certificate vs receive a gift | obtain permission · receive news |
| accept | 接受(主动认可) | receive 是物理上收到,accept 是心理上接受——you can receive a gift but not accept it(收到但拒绝) | accept an apology · receive a package |
| collect | 收集;领取 | collect 是去某处”取”,receive 是”被送到”——collect your order vs receive your delivery | collect a parcel · receive a letter |
反义:send · give · refuse · reject
Aaron 易错点
- receive 拼写:r-e-c-e-i-v-e,遵循 i before e except after c 规则——receIVE(✓)
- receive vs accept:receive = 物理收到,accept = 心理接受——You must receive AND accept the offer.
- receive sb = 接待某人:The president received the guests.(正式接待)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 被动语态 Passive Voice · 现在完成时 Present Perfect
continue · 继续;延续;恢复(中断后)
v· 链接度 9 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:keep doing something without stopping; go on after a pause
Despite the rain, they continued playing football in the yard. 尽管下着雨,他们还是继续在院子里踢球。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| keep | 继续;保持(口语) | keep + Ving 是口语,continue + Ving/to do 更正式——keep going vs continue moving | keep walking · continue the journey |
| go on | 继续;发生(短语) | go on + Ving = 继续做同一件事,go on to do = 接着做下一件——go on reading vs go on to read another book | go on talking |
| proceed | 继续前进;着手(正式) | proceed 是书面正式用词,多用于步骤说明或官方语境——proceed to the next step | proceed with caution |
| persist | 坚持;持续(不放弃) | persist 含”尽管有困难仍坚持”的顽强意味,continue 是中性的”持续” | persist in one's efforts |
反义:stop · quit · abandon · pause
Aaron 易错点
- continue + Ving 或 continue + to do 都对,但意思微妙不同:continue doing(一直在做)/ continue to do(恢复做)
- ❌ continue to playing / ✅ continue playing 或 continue to play
- continued(形容词)= 持续的,continuing(形容词)= 正在持续——a continued effort vs a continuing story
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 一般过去时 Simple Past
east · 东;东方;东部;向东
n/adj/adv· 链接度 9 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:the direction where the sun rises; a region in that direction
The Great Wall stretches from east to west across northern China. 长城从东向西横贯中国北方。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| oriental | 东方的(文化/风格) | oriental 是文化/风格意义上的”东方”,带历史/美学色彩,east 是纯方位词——oriental food vs go east | oriental art |
| eastern | 东部的;东方的(形容词) | eastern 是 east 的形容词形式,修饰地区——eastern China vs east(名词/副词) | eastern Europe |
| sunrise | 日出方向(意象) | sunrise 是”日出”的画面,east 是方位抽象概念——head east / watch the sunrise | face east to see the sunrise |
反义:west
Aaron 易错点
- East(大写)= 地名专有名词,east(小写)= 方位词:the Middle East vs go east
- east / eastern 区分:east side(东边)是名词,eastern side 是形容词修饰
- the East = 东方(文化地理);East Asia = 东亚(地区专名)
出现在:名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions
i · 我(主格人称代词)
pron· 链接度 9 · CEFRA1-A2· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:the subject pronoun used by the speaker to refer to themselves
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up. 我有一个梦想,有一天这个国家将会崛起。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| me | 我(宾格) | I 是主格(做主语),me 是宾格(做宾语)——I love music / Music helps me relax | I speak · tell me |
| myself | 我自己(反身代词) | myself 用于强调或反身动作——I did it myself(我亲自做的)/ I hurt myself | I made it myself. |
| we | 我们(第一人称复数) | I 是单数自我,we 是包含说话者的复数——I can’t do it alone; we can do it together. | I think · we believe |
反义:you · they · he · she
Aaron 易错点
- I 永远大写:❌ i went to school / ✅ I went to school——这是英语最基本的拼写规则,没有例外
- I vs me:主语用 I,宾语用 me:❌ Me and Tom went / ✅ Tom and I went;❌ between you and I / ✅ between you and me
- Tom and I(主语)vs Tom and me(宾语):Give it to Tom and me.(✓)Tom and I did it.(✓)
- 强调时可用 I myself:I myself don’t believe it.(我自己都不信)
出现在:人称代词 Personal Pronouns · 主格与宾格 Nominative & Objective Case · 一般现在时 Simple Present
travel · 旅行;传播(光/声);旅途
v/n· 链接度 9 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:go from one place to another; move a long distance; a journey
She dreams of travelling around the world before she turns thirty. 她梦想在三十岁前环游世界。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| journey | 旅程;路途 | journey 是名词,指一段有始有终的路程;travel 是动词/名词,更泛指”旅行”这件事 | a long journey · love to travel |
| trip | 短途旅行 | trip 是具体的一次短途出行,travel 更广义——a day trip vs I love travel | a school trip · travel abroad |
| voyage | 航海旅行;太空旅行 | voyage 特指海上或太空的长途旅行,travel 通用——a voyage across the ocean | voyage to the moon |
| tour | 巡游;参观 | tour 是有路线的参观游览,travel 是更自由的旅行——a tour of the museum vs travel freely | a city tour · travel by train |
反义:stay · remain · settle
Aaron 易错点
- travel to + 地点:travel to Japan,不说
travel Japan(不加 to 是美式较非正式) - 拼写:英式 travelling(双写 l),美式 traveling(单写 l)——KET 考英式
- travel light = 轻装出行(固定搭配,不是「旅行轻便」的直译)
习语
- travel light = 轻装上阵
- travel far and wide = 走遍天下
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 一般过去时 Simple Past
west · 西;西方;西部;向西
n/adj/adv· 链接度 9 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:the direction where the sun sets; a region in that direction
The sun sets in the west, painting the sky orange and red. 太阳在西方落下,将天空染成橙红色。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| western | 西部的;西方的(形容词) | western 是 west 的形容词形式——western culture vs head west(副词方向) | western music · drive west |
| occidental | 西方的(文化,正式) | occidental 是 oriental 的对立面,正式学术词,指西方文化——west 是日常方位词 | occidental philosophy |
| sunset | 日落方向(意象) | sunset 是”日落”的画面,west 是方位——face west at sunset | watch the sunset in the west |
反义:east
Aaron 易错点
- West(大写)= 地名:the West(西方世界)/ the American West(美国西部)
- go west / head west 中 west 是副词,不加 to:go west(✓)/
go to west(✗) - 文化语境:out West 在美国指「去西部」(牛仔/加州),the West 在政治语境指「西方国家」
出现在:名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions
fail · 失败;不及格;辜负
v/n· 链接度 8 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:not succeed; not reach the required standard; let someone down
He failed the exam but promised himself he would try again. 他考试没过,却暗暗发誓要卷土重来。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lose | 输掉;失去 | fail 强调达不到标准,lose 强调比赛或竞争中落败 | fail a test · lose a match |
| miss | 错过;未中 | miss 是某次具体机会溜走,fail 是系统性未达标 | miss the chance · fail the course |
| flunk | 考试不及格(口语) | flunk 是 fail 的口语化版本,多用于美式英语,专指考试挂科 | flunk math class |
| collapse | 崩溃;失败 | collapse 偏物理或系统性崩溃,fail 可指任何类型的失败 | the plan collapsed |
反义:pass · succeed · achieve
Aaron 易错点
- fail + to do(未能做某事):He failed to finish the project——不是
fail doing - fail an exam(考试不及格)vs fail in sth(在某方面失败)——两种结构都正确,语感不同
- failure 是名词:end in failure / a total failure——不能说
a fail(作名词时偏口语) - without fail(固定搭配)= 必定,毫无例外:He calls every Sunday without fail.
习语
- without fail = 必定;毫无例外
- fail-safe = 失效保护的;万无一失的
出现在:不定式 Infinitives · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect
almost · 几乎;差不多;将近
adv· 链接度 7 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:very close to but not quite; not entirely
It was almost midnight when she finally closed her book. 她终于合上书时,夜已将近子时。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| nearly | 几乎;差一点 | almost 和 nearly 基本可互换,但 nearly 稍更口语;almost 更常见于美式英语 | nearly finished · almost done |
| approximately | 大约;近似地 | approximately 强调数值上的近似,almost 强调”差一点就到达了”的感觉 | approximately 100 people |
| virtually | 实际上;几乎完全 | virtually 含”实质上等同于”的意味,比 almost 更书面,带”虽未名义到达但实际上等于” | virtually impossible |
| barely | 几乎不;勉强 | barely 是”勉强够到”,almost 是”差一点就到”——方向相反,almost 往上够,barely 往下勉强 | barely enough time |
反义:completely · entirely · fully
Aaron 易错点
- almost never = 几乎从不(不是「almost」单独加否定词):He almost never lies.
- ❌ almost all of students ✅ almost all (of) the students——almost 修饰 all,不直接修饰名词
- hardly ≠ almost:hardly = 几乎不(负面);almost = 几乎(正面接近)——I almost finished(差点完成)vs I hardly finished(勉强完成)
- almost 不修饰单独的形容词,用 nearly:nearly perfect(对)/
almost perfect(较少见,但在非正式情境也可用)
出现在:副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 否定句 Negation · 频率副词 Frequency Adverbs
enjoy · 享受;喜爱;乐在其中
v· 链接度 7 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:take pleasure in; have the benefit of something good
She enjoys reading by the window on rainy afternoons. 她爱在雨天的午后靠窗读书,那是她的小享受。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| like | 喜欢 | like 是”喜欢”的中性词,enjoy 含主动投入、当下沉浸的意味——enjoy 暗示你正深在其中 | like music · enjoy the moment |
| love | 热爱 | love 是更强烈的情感依附,enjoy 偏向实际体验中的愉悦感 | love reading · enjoy a meal |
| relish | 津津有味地享用 | relish 强调”品味”的过程——细细品尝,带有满足感,比 enjoy 更文雅 | relish every bite |
| appreciate | 欣赏;感激 | appreciate 有”懂得价值”的含义,enjoy 是直接快感,appreciate 多了一层理性认知 | appreciate good art |
反义:dislike · hate · suffer
Aaron 易错点
- enjoy 只接 Ving,不接 to do:❌ enjoy to swim ✅ enjoy swimming
- enjoy yourself = 好好玩(固定反身代词搭配):Enjoy yourself at the party!
- ❌ I enjoy very much this. ✅ I enjoy this very much.(副词位置应在句末或动词后)
- enjoyable 修饰事(活动令人愉快),enjoyment 是名词,不要混淆词性
习语
- enjoy yourself = 好好享受;玩得开心
- enjoy the view = 欣赏风景(常见场景搭配)
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
further · 更远(抽象);进一步;更多;推进(v.)
adv/adj/v· 链接度 7 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:to a greater distance or degree; additional; to help something progress
She wanted to study further before making a decision. 她想再深入研究一番,再做决定。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| farther | 更远(物理距离) | farther 专指物理空间上更远;further 既可指物理,也可指程度/抽象上的”更进一步”——KET 常考此区别 | farther from home · go further in life |
| additionally | 此外;另外 | additionally 是连接词功能,further 可作副词表”此外”时语气更简洁 | furthermore · additionally |
| advance | 推进;进步 | further 作动词时与 advance 近义,但 advance 更强调向前推进,further 强调扩展深化 | advance a plan · further one's career |
| extend | 延伸;扩展 | extend 强调空间/时间上的延长,further 强调程度上的深化 | extend the deadline |
反义:closer · near · back
Aaron 易错点
- further vs farther:物理距离两者均可;抽象含义(进一步、更多)只能用 further:❌ farther discussion ✅ further discussion
- further 还可作动词:further your studies = 深造——此时不可换 farther
- further more(副词连接)= 况且,是正式写作常用过渡词,不要写成两个单词
further more(应写 furthermore) - without further ado(固定短语)= 不再废话,直接——是演讲/作文中的地道衔接
出现在:比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 不定式 Infinitives
much · 很多(不可数);非常;大量
det/pron/adv· 链接度 7 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:a large amount; to a great degree
There isn’t much time left before the train arrives. 火车进站前没剩多少时间了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| many | 很多(可数) | much 修饰不可数名词,many 修饰可数名词——这是 Aaron 最高频踩坑 | much water · many cups |
| a lot of | 大量(不可数/可数均可) | a lot of 可修饰不可数和可数,口语化;much/many 偏正式,且疑问/否定句中更常见 | a lot of time · a lot of friends |
| plenty of | 足够多;充裕的 | plenty of 含”绰绰有余”的正面充足感,much 只是描述量大,无此感情色彩 | plenty of food · plenty of room |
| greatly | 非常;大大地 | much 修饰动词时 = greatly(much improved / greatly improved),但 much 更口语 | much better · greatly improved |
反义:little · few · barely
Aaron 易错点
- much 修饰不可数,many 修饰可数:❌ much books ✅ many books / ❌ many water ✅ much water
- 口语肯定句通常不用 much/many,而用 a lot of:❌ I have much homework(听起来生硬)✅ I have a lot of homework
- much 修饰形容词/副词的比较级:much better / much taller——不可换成 very:❌ very better ✅ much better
- how much(不可数量/价格)vs how many(可数数量)——购物场景必考
出现在:名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 疑问句 Question Forms · 量词 Quantifiers
now · 现在;立刻;既然(conj.)
adv/conj/n· 链接度 7 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:at the present time; immediately; because or since (used as a conjunction)
Now that the storm has passed, we can finally go outside. 既然风暴已经过去,我们终于可以出门了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| currently | 目前;当前 | currently 是书面/正式版”现在”,now 更口语直接 | currently working on · now available |
| immediately | 立即;马上 | immediately 强调”毫不迟延”,now 也有此义但更口语,immediately 语气更强硬 | Come immediately! · Do it now! |
| at present | 目前;当下 | at present 是正式书面替代词,语气比 now 更正式客观 | at present, the situation is stable |
| today | 今天;当今 | today 是”今天”的时间范围,now 是”此刻”的时间点,精度不同 | today's news · happening right now |
反义:then · later · before
Aaron 易错点
- now that(既然……)是连词短语:Now that you’re here, let’s begin——不是时间状语,是原因从句
- right now = 就在此刻(强调紧迫):Come here right now!(命令)/ I’m doing it right now.(正在进行)
- now and then / now and again = 偶尔(固定搭配)——不是「现在和那时」
- for now = 暂时(固定短语):That’s enough for now.(目前这就够了)
习语
- right now = 就在此刻;马上
- now and then = 偶尔;有时
- now that = 既然(连词)
出现在:时间副词 Time Adverbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 条件从句 Conditional Clauses
very · 非常;很;正是这个(adj. 强调用)
adv/adj· 链接度 7 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:to a high degree; used to emphasize a noun when used as adjective
That is the very book I was looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| extremely | 极其;极度 | extremely 比 very 语气更强,语体更正式;很多情况两者可互换,但考试作文用 extremely 加分 | extremely important · very nice |
| quite | 相当;颇为 | quite 语气比 very 弱,表示”相当”而非”非常”;英式 quite + adj = fairly;美式 quite 有时等同 very | quite good · very good |
| really | 真的;非常(口语) | really 是 very 的口语化替代,更随意,also 可修饰动词(I really like it)而 very 不能修饰动词 | really happy · ~~very like~~(错) |
| absolutely | 绝对地;完全地 | absolutely 多用于绝对化形容词前(absolutely perfect/wrong),不能用 very 替代 | absolutely perfect · ~~very perfect~~(错) |
反义:slightly · barely · hardly
Aaron 易错点
- very 不能修饰动词:❌ I very like it ✅ I really like it / I like it very much
- very 不能修饰比较级:❌ very better ✅ much better / far better
- very 作形容词强调”正是”:the very same thing(同一件事)——此用法 Aaron 常忽略
- 不可修饰绝对化形容词:❌ very perfect / very unique ✅ absolutely perfect / truly unique
出现在:副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives
earn · 挣得;赚取;赢得(尊重/信任等)
v· 链接度 6 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:get money by working; get something by effort or deserving it
She earned the team’s respect by staying calm when everything went wrong. 局势失控时她依然沉着,因此赢得了整个团队的信任。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| make | 挣(钱) | make money 是最口语的”挣钱”,earn 更强调通过劳动或功劳获得,earn 还可接抽象名词如 earn respect | make money · earn a living |
| gain | 获得;得到 | gain 强调取得原本没有的东西,偏正面积累;earn 强调凭实力或付出获得 | gain experience · earn a degree |
| win | 赢得;获胜 | win 多指比赛竞争中的胜出,earn 多指通过持续努力得到 | win the prize · earn the title |
| deserve | 应得;值得 | deserve 是”应该得到”(情理上),earn 是”实际通过努力得到了”,两者可合用:he earned what he deserved | deserve a break · earn praise |
反义:lose · spend · waste
Aaron 易错点
- earn a living(固定搭配)= 谋生——不说
earn a life - earn vs win:earn 不用于比赛;❌ earn the match ✅ win the match / earn the right to compete
- earning(s) 作名词:monthly earnings(月收入),注意常用复数形式
- earn one’s keep = 付出劳动换取食宿(固定成语),KET 阅读可能出现
习语
- earn a living = 谋生;维持生计
- earn one’s keep = 用劳动换取生活所需
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 动词搭配 Verb Collocations
eat · 吃;进食
v· 链接度 6 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:put food into the mouth and swallow it; have a meal
She ate a whole bowl of noodles without saying a word. 她一声不吭地把一整碗面条吃了个精光。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| have | 吃(口语替代) | have breakfast/lunch/dinner 是英语中”吃饭”最自然的口语表达,eat 更强调动作本身 | have lunch · eat quickly |
| consume | 消耗;摄入 | consume 是正式/学术用词,偏书面;日常说”吃”用 eat,说”进食量”才用 consume | consume calories · eat a snack |
| devour | 狼吞虎咽;大口吃 | devour 含贪婪、迅速的意象——是 eat 的戏剧化升级,书面或文学场景多用 | devoured the whole cake |
| taste | 品尝 | taste 强调感受食物的味道,eat 强调吃的动作;taste 不等于 eat | taste the soup · eat the soup |
反义:fast · starve
Aaron 易错点
- eat 不规则:eat → ate → eaten,不是 eated
- eat out = 在外面吃饭(固定短语);eat in = 在家吃——KET 情景对话高频
- have breakfast/lunch/dinner 比 eat breakfast 更地道——考试写作两者均可但 have 更口语自然
- eat up(吃光)固定短语:Eat up your vegetables!(把蔬菜吃干净)
习语
- eat out = 外出就餐
- eat up = 吃光;把……全吃完
- eat one’s words = 收回前言;认错
出现在:不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 祈使句 Imperative
remember · 记得;记住;想起;记得去做(+to do)
v· 链接度 6 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:keep in mind; recall something from the past; not forget to do something
I remember locking the door, but I can’t remember where I put the key. 我记得我锁了门,但想不起来把钥匙放哪了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| recall | 回想起;记起 | recall 更正式,强调主动从记忆中检索,remember 更口语;两者接宾语时基本相似 | recall the details · remember the day |
| recollect | 回忆;记起 | recollect 偏书面,含有”努力回想”的意味,常用于模糊记忆场景 | recollect an old friend's face |
| memorize | 记忆;背下来 | memorize 是主动记住(背单词),remember 是保持记忆或回想起——方向不同 | memorize vocabulary · remember a face |
| remind | 提醒 | remind 是让别人想起(外部触发),remember 是自己想起(内部检索) | remind me to buy milk · remember to call |
反义:forget · overlook · miss
Aaron 易错点
- remember + to do(要记得去做,动作未发生)vs remember + doing(记得做过,动作已发生):Remember to lock the door!(出门时记得锁!)/ I remember locking it.(我记得我锁了。)
- forget 的同款陷阱:forget to do(忘了去做)/ forget doing(忘记做过)——与 remember 完全对称
- ❌ I remember to go there when I was small. ✅ I remember going there when I was small.(过去的经历用 doing)
- remember sb to sb(转达问候):Remember me to your parents.(代我向父母问好)——固定搭配,不是「记住你的父母」
习语
- as far as I remember = 就我所记得的
- if I remember correctly = 如果我没记错的话
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses
sing · 唱歌;演唱
v· 链接度 6 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:make music with the voice; perform a song
She sang so beautifully that the whole room fell silent. 她唱得如此动人,满屋子的人都静了下来。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| hum | 哼唱;哼曲子 | hum 是闭嘴哼歌(不唱词),sing 是开口演唱,两者动作不同 | hum a tune · sing a song |
| chant | 吟唱;颂唱 | chant 有重复性、仪式感,偏宗教或群体呼号;sing 是一般性唱歌 | chant a prayer · sing happily |
| perform | 表演;演出 | perform 更广泛,包含唱歌、跳舞等所有舞台表现,sing 专指声乐 | perform a song · sing on stage |
| croon | 低声柔唱 | croon 是轻柔低沉的演唱,常带温柔或忧郁感,是 sing 的一种风格 | croon a lullaby |
反义:silence · mute
Aaron 易错点
- sing 不规则:sing → sang → sung,不是 singed
- singer 是名词(歌手),singing 是动名词/形容词(sing + ing),不要把 singer 拼成
signer - sing along = 跟着唱(固定短语):We all sang along to the song.(我们都跟着唱)
- sing a song(唱一首歌)固定搭配——不说
sing a music
习语
- sing along = 跟唱;一起唱
- sing one’s praises = 大加赞扬某人
出现在:不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
sit · 坐;坐下;参加(考试)
v· 链接度 6 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:rest on the lower part of the body; be seated; take an exam
He sat by the window and watched the rain run down the glass. 他坐在窗边,看着雨水顺着玻璃流下去。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| seat | 使坐下;座位(n.) | sit 是不及物动词(自己坐),seat 作动词是及物(帮别人安排座位)或名词(座位) | sit down · seat the guests |
| settle | 安定下来;安坐 | settle 含”稳稳地坐定”的意味,比 sit 更强调安心状态或过程 | settle into the sofa |
| perch | 栖息;高坐 | perch 原指鸟类栖息,引申为不稳定地坐在高处,带轻盈或临时感 | perch on a stool |
| squat | 蹲坐;蹲下 | squat 是蹲坐姿势,不同于坐椅子的 sit | squat on the ground |
反义:stand · rise · get up
Aaron 易错点
- sit 不规则:sit → sat → sat,不是 sitted
- sit down(坐下动作)vs be seated(已就座状态):Please sit down.(请坐)/ Please be seated.(正式请坐)
- sit an exam(英式)= take an exam(美式)= 参加考试——KET 考英式,两种都认
- sit for(为……摆姿势)vs sit in on(旁听)——两个短语动词含义完全不同
习语
- sit down = 坐下
- sit back and relax = 放轻松,坐下来好好休息
- sit tight = 耐心等待;按兵不动
出现在:不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 祈使句 Imperative
suggest · 建议;暗示;提出
v· 链接度 6 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:put forward an idea for consideration; indicate indirectly
She suggested taking a different route to avoid the traffic. 她建议换条路走,绕开堵车路段。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| recommend | 推荐;建议 | recommend 语气比 suggest 更强,有”我保证这个好”的背书含义;suggest 更中性 | recommend a book · suggest an idea |
| propose | 提议;求婚 | propose 更正式,常用于会议/计划,也有”求婚”义;suggest 更日常口语 | propose a plan · suggest a solution |
| advise | 劝告;忠告 | advise 含”基于经验的忠告”,带权威感;suggest 只是中性提出可能性 | advise caution · suggest trying |
| imply | 暗示;含蓄表达 | suggest 可指”间接暗示”(同 imply),此时含义接近,但 suggest 更常用于明确建议 | suggest a problem · imply dissatisfaction |
反义:demand · order · forbid
Aaron 易错点
- suggest + Ving(建议做),不接 to do:❌ suggest to go ✅ suggest going / suggest (that) we go
- suggest that + 虚拟语气(正式):I suggest that he be more careful.(美式虚拟,be 不变形)
- suggest 不能直接接人作宾语:❌ I suggest you(无意义)✅ I suggest that you… / I suggest Ving
- suggestion 是名词:make a suggestion(提建议)——固定搭配 make,不用 do/give
习语
- as suggested = 按照建议
- make a suggestion = 提出建议
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood · 宾语从句 Object Clauses
write · 写;写作;写信
v· 链接度 6 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:form letters or words with a pen; compose text; communicate in writing
She writes to her grandmother every week, always by hand. 她每周都给奶奶写信,从来都是手写。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| compose | 创作;撰写 | compose 更正式,指用心创作(音乐/文章),write 是日常动作,含义更广 | compose a poem · write a letter |
| draft | 起草;草拟 | draft 强调”初稿、草稿”阶段,write 泛指所有书写行为 | draft a report · write a message |
| type | 打字;键入 | type 特指用键盘输入,write 特指手写或泛指书面创作 | type an email · write in a notebook |
| note | 记下;记录 | note(down)强调简短记录要点,write 是完整书写行为 | note down the address · write an essay |
反义:read · erase · delete
Aaron 易错点
- write 不规则:write → wrote → written,不是 writed
- write to sb(写信给某人)vs write sb(美式,写信给某人)——两种都对,KET 考英式常见 write to
- write down(写下来)固定短语:Write down the answers.——别漏掉 down
- 写作类:write a story / write an essay / write a diary(日记)——注意搭配,不是
write a composition(老式说法)
习语
- write down = 写下;记下
- write back = 回信
- in writing = 以书面形式
出现在:不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 介词 Prepositions
enough · 足够的;足够地;充分的
det/pron/adv· 链接度 5 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:as much or as many as needed; to the required degree
She was brave enough to speak up when no one else would. 她足够勇敢,在没人敢开口的时候说出了心里话。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| sufficient | 足够的(正式) | sufficient 是书面/正式版 enough,意思完全相同,但不用于口语 | sufficient evidence · enough time |
| adequate | 足够的;适当的 | adequate 含”勉强够用”的语气,比 enough 稍显勉强;enough 更中性 | adequate sleep · enough rest |
| plenty | 充足;大量 | plenty 含”绰绰有余”(略多),enough 只是”正好够”,没有多余 | plenty of time · just enough |
| satisfactory | 令人满意的;达标的 | satisfactory 是评价性词汇(令人满意),enough 是描述量/程度的词 | a satisfactory result · good enough |
反义:insufficient · lacking · too little
Aaron 易错点
- enough 的位置陷阱:修饰形容词/副词时在后(adj + enough);修饰名词时在前(enough + n):tall enough / enough money——不能反过来
- enough to do(足够……去做):She’s old enough to travel alone.——不是
enough for travel - not … enough(不够……)vs too …(太……):not fast enough(不够快)vs too slow(太慢)——意思相近,但结构不同
- enough 作代词独立使用:That’s enough.(够了)/ Enough!(够了,住手!)
出现在:副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 不定式 Infinitives · 量词 Quantifiers
hear · 听见(被动结果);得知;听取
v· 链接度 5 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:receive sound through the ears without trying; be told or informed
Did you hear that? Someone is knocking at the door. 你听见了吗?有人在敲门。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| listen | 听(主动行为) | hear 是被动”听见”(声音自然传来),listen 是主动”聆听”(有意识地专注)——与 see vs look 完全同构 | hear a noise · listen to music |
| overhear | 无意中听到;偷听 | overhear 是无意听到他人对话,hear 是一般听见,overhear 带”偷听/意外听到”意味 | overhear a conversation |
| perceive | 感知;察觉 | perceive 是心理/感知层面的意识到,hear 是生理层面的听到,两者深度不同 | perceive a sound · hear a voice |
| learn | 得知;听说 | hear of/about = 得知某事,此时 hear 与 learn(得知)近义,但 hear 更口语 | hear about the news · learn of an event |
反义:ignore · mishear · deafen
Aaron 易错点
- hear vs listen:hear 被动,listen 主动——I heard the music(音乐传入耳中)/ I listened to the music(我专心听音乐)
- hear 不能持续进行时表「听见」:❌ I am hearing you ✅ I can hear you(借助情态动词)
- hear from sb(收到某人消息)vs hear about sth(听说某事)vs hear of sb(知道某人存在)——三个介词三种意思
- hear 不规则:hear → heard → heard,发音 /hɜːd/,不是 /hɪərd/
习语
- hear from sb = 收到某人来信/消息
- hear of = 听说过(某人/某事存在)
- I won’t hear of it = 我绝对不同意
出现在:感官动词 Sensory Verbs · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past
lose · 失去;迷路;输掉;亏损
v· 链接度 5 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:no longer have; be unable to find; fail to win; have less money
He lost his wallet on the way home, but found it on the doorstep. 他回家路上丢了钱包,却在门槛上找到了它。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| miss | 错过;找不到 | miss 是”没赶上”或”没看到”,lose 是”本来有、现在没了”,两者角度不同 | miss the bus · lose the keys |
| fail | 失败;没通过 | fail 是未达到标准,lose 是在竞争中落败或失去所有;lose a game 而非 fail a game | lose the match · fail the test |
| misplace | 错放;找不到(放错地方) | misplace 是”放错了地方暂时找不到”,lose 是”彻底丢了” | misplace the remote · lose a book |
| forfeit | 被迫放弃;没收 | forfeit 是因违规或惩罚而被迫失去,lose 是自然状态的失去 | forfeit the match |
反义:find · gain · win · keep
Aaron 易错点
- lose 不规则:lose → lost → lost,不是 losed
- lose(输/失去)vs loose(adj. 松的)——拼写陷阱,发音不同:lose /luːz/ / loose /luːs/
- get lost = 迷路(固定短语):We got lost in the forest.——不是
lose the way(虽意思近但不地道) - lose vs miss:lose your phone(手机不见了)vs miss the train(没赶上火车),场景不要混
习语
- get lost = 迷路;走丢
- lose one’s mind = 失去理智
- lose track of = 失去联系;忘了(时间/进度)
出现在:不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect
become · 变成;成为;开始变得
v· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:begin to be; change to a different state; come to be
He became so good at chess that he started teaching other kids. 他棋艺越来越精,最终开始教其他孩子下棋了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| get | 变得(口语) | get + adj 是口语化的”变得”,become 更正式、书面;两者常可互换但 become 更稳健 | get tired · become tired |
| turn | 变成(突然变化) | turn 强调状态突然转变,常与颜色/性质改变搭配;become 是渐进性变化 | turn red · become famous |
| grow | 逐渐变得 | grow 强调缓慢的增长或变化过程,比 become 更强调渐进 | grow older · become wiser |
| turn into | 变成(转化) | turn into 强调从一种形态彻底转变为另一种,become 偏描述身份/状态 | turn into a butterfly · become a doctor |
反义:remain · stay · continue
Aaron 易错点
- become 不规则:become → became → become,不是 becomed;过去式 became
- become + 名词(成为)vs become + 形容词(变得):become a teacher / become tired——两种结构都对
- become vs get:比较级变化用 get:it’s getting colder(不是 becoming colder,虽然也对但较少用)
- what has become of sb? = 某人后来怎样了?(固定问句)
习语
- become of = 某人/事的结局(What became of him?)
- what has become of = 不知……后来怎样了
出现在:不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 连系动词 Linking Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past
believe · 相信;认为;信仰
v· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:accept as true; think or suppose; have religious faith
She believed in herself when nobody else did. 没有人信她,她却始终相信自己。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| trust | 信任;依赖 | believe 是”相信内容为真”,trust 是”信任一个人/系统的可靠性”——believe 关乎命题真假,trust 关乎关系可靠 | believe the story · trust a friend |
| accept | 接受(为真) | accept 有”认可、接受为事实”的意味,比 believe 更主动,常用于证据/说法场景 | accept the explanation · believe the claim |
| suppose | 猜想;假设 | suppose 是”不确定的推测”,believe 是”较有把握的相信”——suppose 不确定性更高 | I suppose so · I believe so |
| think | 认为;觉得 | think 是一般性”认为”,believe 含更深的确信和情感投入 | I think it's right · I believe it's right |
反义:doubt · disbelieve · mistrust
Aaron 易错点
- believe vs trust:believe in sb = 相信某人的能力/价值(情感支持);trust sb = 信任某人做某件事(可靠性判断)
- believe 不用进行时:❌ I am believing you ✅ I believe you
- believe in(信仰/相信存在)vs believe(相信内容):believe in God(信神存在)/ believe the story(相信内容)
- I can’t believe it! 固定感叹语——表示震惊,不是「无法相信」的字面意思
习语
- believe in = 信仰;相信(某事物的存在/价值)
- make believe = 假装;角色扮演
- I can’t believe it! = 真不敢相信!(惊叹语)
出现在:宾语从句 Object Clauses · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 情态动词 Modal Verbs
choose · 选择;挑选
v· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:decide which one you want from a number of things or people
She chose the blue dress over the red one. 她选了蓝色的裙子,没要红色那件。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| decide | 决定 | decide 强调经过思考后”做决断”,choose 侧重从选项中”挑出一个”——decide 是脑子的动作,choose 是手的动作 | choose between two options · decide after thinking |
| select | 精选;选拔 | select 带”从一组候选中仔细挑出最优”的意思,比 choose 更正式、更严格 | select a team member |
| pick | 随意挑 | pick 是口语化的随意选取,不含深思熟虑——“随便挑一个”,choose 更中性 | pick a card, any card |
| opt | 选择(做某事) | opt 多接 for 或 to do,强调主动意愿,常见于正式场合 | opt for the cheaper plan |
反义:reject · refuse · avoid
Aaron 易错点
- choose 不规则:choose → chose → chosen,不是 choosed
- choose 直接跟宾语,不加 for:❌ choose for the red one → ✅ choose the red one
- choose to do(选择做某事)vs choose + 名词——后面接动词用不定式
- choose / select / pick 三档:pick 最随意,choose 中性,select 最严格
习语
- pick and choose = 精挑细选(口语,有时带挑剔意味)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives
decide · 决定;下决心
v· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:choose after thinking carefully; come to a conclusion
He decided to stay home and study instead of going to the party. 他决定留在家里学习,而不是去参加派对。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| choose | 选择 | choose 侧重从选项中挑,decide 侧重经思考后”拍板”——choose 是选,decide 是定 | decide on a plan · choose between two options |
| determine | 决心;确定 | determine 比 decide 更正式,含有坚定意志(I am determined = 我下定决心) | determine to win |
| resolve | 决心(书面) | resolve 是较书面的表达,强调意志坚定,常见于写作或演讲 | resolve to change |
反义:hesitate · waver · doubt
Aaron 易错点
- decide to do(决定去做),不说
decide doing——decide 后接不定式,不接动名词 - decide on sth(就某事做决定):decide on a date(定好日期)
- ❌ I decide to go yesterday. ✅ I decided to go yesterday.(注意过去时)
- decision 是名词(做决定),make a decision 是固定搭配,不说
do a decision
习语
- make up one’s mind = 下定决心(= decide,口语常用)
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses
improve · 改善;提高;进步
v· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:make or become better; increase in quality or ability
Her English improved a lot after six months of practice. 苦练六个月后,她的英语进步了很多。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| develop | 发展;培养 | develop 强调”从无到有地成长”,improve 是”在已有基础上变好” | develop a skill · improve a skill |
| enhance | 增强;提升 | enhance 比 improve 更正式,常修饰质量、价值、效果等抽象名词 | enhance performance |
| advance | 推进;提升 | advance 含”向前迈进”的方向感,improve 更通用 | advance technology |
反义:worsen · decline · deteriorate
Aaron 易错点
- improve 不需要加 up:✅ improve / ❌ improve up(不存在这个搭配)
- improve + 宾语(及物):improve your English;improve(不及物):My English improved.
- improvement 是名词:make an improvement(做出改善),不说
make improve
出现在:现在完成时 Present Perfect · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives
own · 拥有;属于自己的(adj.)
v/adj· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:have something as property; belonging to oneself
She finally owns her first bicycle after saving for a whole year. 攒了整整一年的钱,她终于拥有了自己的第一辆自行车。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| have | 有;拥有 | have 更泛,own 强调合法所有权——I have a pen(也许是借的)vs I own a pen(是我的) | own a house · have a pen |
| possess | 拥有(正式) | possess 是 own 的书面版,带有”持有”的正式法律色彩 | possess a driving licence |
| hold | 持有;握有 | hold 强调”暂时持有或掌控”,own 强调所有权 | hold shares in the company |
反义:lack · borrow · rent
Aaron 易错点
- own 不能用进行时:❌ I am owning a car / ✅ I own a car(静态动词,不用进行时)
- on one’s own = 独自、靠自己(固定短语):do it on your own
- own 作形容词:my own room(我自己的房间)——own 前必须加物主代词
习语
- on one’s own = 独自;靠自己
- own up = 坦白承认(= confess)
出现在:一般现在时 Simple Present · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 物主代词 Possessive Pronouns
walk · 走路;步行;散步(n.)
v/n· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:move forward by putting one foot in front of the other
We walked along the river for an hour after dinner. 晚饭后我们沿着河边走了一个小时。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| stroll | 闲逛;漫步 | stroll 是悠闲无目的地走,walk 是普通步行 | stroll in the park |
| march | 大步走;行军 | march 是整齐有力的步伐,含目的性或军事意味,walk 更中性 | march down the street |
| wander | 漫游;迷路 | wander 强调”无目的地游荡”,有时含”迷路”意味 | wander through the old town |
反义:run · stay · stop
Aaron 易错点
- walk 后跟地点一般不用介词,但 walk to school / walk along the road 都有方向介词
- go for a walk = 出去走走(固定短语),不说
do a walk - walk 和 go on foot 意思相同,但考试写作里两个都要会用
习语
- go for a walk = 出去散步
- walk of life = 生活各界(各行各业)
出现在:现在进行时 Present Continuous · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 介词 Prepositions
will · 将(助动词);意志(n.);遗赠(v.)
aux/n/v· 链接度 4 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:(aux) used to show future action or intent; (n) determination; (v) leave to someone in a will
I will call you when I arrive. 我到了就给你打电话。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| shall | 将(正式/英式) | shall 是英式正式将来时(I shall,we shall),will 更口语通用;现代英语中 will 基本取代 shall | We shall overcome. |
| be going to | 打算;即将 | be going to 强调有计划或已有迹象,will 更多是临时决定或纯粹将来 | I'm going to study tonight vs I will help you now. |
| determination | 决心(n.) | 作名词时,will 指”意志力”,determination 是其同义词(更常用) | iron will · strong determination |
反义:refuse · won't
Aaron 易错点
- will not 缩写是 won’t,不是 willn’t
- will 作助动词后接动词原形:I will go(对),❌ I will going
- 作名词时:have the will to do sth(有做某事的意志)——KET 阶段重点是助动词用法
- will you…? = 请求(非正式):Will you open the window?(帮我开窗好吗?)
习语
- with a will = 全力以赴
- where there’s a will, there’s a way = 有志者事竟成
出现在:一般将来时 Simple Future · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 条件句 Conditional Sentences
except · 除了;除……之外
prep/conj/v· 链接度 3 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · KET
英文定义:not including; apart from; other than
Everyone passed the test except Tom. 除了 Tom 之外,大家都通过了考试。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| besides | 除……之外(还有) | besides 是”此外还有”(加法),except 是”排除掉”(减法)——完全相反方向 | besides Tom, everyone passed vs except Tom, everyone passed |
| apart from | 除……之外 | apart from 既可以是加法也可以是减法,语义比 except 更灵活 | apart from the rain, it was a great day |
| but | 除了(= except,口语) | but 用作介词时等于 except,多见于 nobody/nothing/all/any 等后面 | everyone but me |
反义:include · plus
Aaron 易错点
- except vs besides 方向相反:except 排除,besides 额外加——这是 KET 最常考的混淆
- except for(排除局部例外)vs except(直接排除):The cake was perfect except for the icing.
- except 后接代词用宾格:except me / except him,不用主格
出现在:介词 Prepositions · 否定句 Negation · 代词 Pronouns
forget · 忘记;忘带;忘掉
v· 链接度 3 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:fail to remember; not bring something by mistake
Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you leave. 离开前别忘了关灯。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| overlook | 忽略;漏看 | overlook 是没注意到某件事,forget 是本来知道但想不起来 | overlook a detail |
| neglect | 忽视;疏忽 | neglect 含有”本该做却没做”的责任感,forget 是纯粹记性问题 | neglect one's duties |
| slip one’s mind | 从脑中溜走(= forget,口语) | 口语固定短语,强调不是故意忘的 | It completely slipped my mind. |
反义:remember · recall · recollect
Aaron 易错点
- forget to do(忘了要去做——还没做)vs forget doing(忘了做过——已经做了):I forgot to lock the door(忘锁了)/ I forgot locking the door(忘记了我锁过这件事)
- forget 不规则:forget → forgot → forgotten
- ❌ I forget my homework at home. ✅ I forgot / left my homework at home.(「忘带」用 leave 更地道)
- 同 remember 系:remember to do(记得要做)/ remember doing(记得做过)——四种用法一起背
习语
- forget it = 算了吧;没事的(口语)
- not to mention = 更别提(表递进,非「忘提」)
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past
here · 在这里;这里(n.);喏(感叹词)
adv/n/interj· 链接度 3 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:in, at, or to this place or position
Here is your order—one hot chocolate and one slice of cake. 您点的来了——一杯热巧克力,一块蛋糕。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| there | 在那里 | here 是说话者所在位置,there 是远离说话者的位置——近/远对立 | Come here vs Go there. |
| present | 在场;此处 | present 是正式书面词(He was present at the meeting),here 口语通用 | Is everyone present? |
| around here | 这附近 | around here 范围比 here 更模糊,指”这一带” | Is there a café around here? |
反义:there · away · elsewhere
Aaron 易错点
- here 放句首时引起倒装:Here is your bag.(注意 is 不是 are,主语是 bag)
- Here you are. = 给你(递东西时)——不是「你在这里」
- here 不能修饰名词:❌ the here shop → ✅ the shop here(副词,只能后置修饰)
- hear(听)vs here(这里):发音相同,拼写不同——KET 阅读易混
出现在:副词 Adverbs · 倒装句 Inversion · 介词 Prepositions
listen · 听;倾听(主动)
v· 链接度 3 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:make an effort to hear something; pay attention to a sound
Listen carefully—I’ll only say this once. 仔细听——我只说一遍。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| hear | 听见(被动结果) | listen 是主动行为(竖起耳朵),hear 是被动结果(声音进入耳朵)——和 look/see 一组平行 | I was listening but didn't hear the question. |
| pay attention | 注意;留心 | pay attention 比 listen 更泛,也包括视觉和思维,listen 专指听觉 | pay attention in class |
| attend to | 专心处理;聆听 | attend to 是正式书面词,含”照料”或”专注处理”的意思 | attend to the details |
反义:ignore · talk · speak
Aaron 易错点
- listen 必须加 to 才能接对象:listen to music(对),❌ listen music
- listen vs hear:❌ Please hear me carefully. ✅ Please listen to me carefully.(主动倾听用 listen)
- Listen! 单独用作祈使句,提醒对方注意——是固定口语表达
- listening 名词化:listening comprehension(听力理解)——KET 考试题型名称
出现在:祈使句 Imperative · 介词 Prepositions · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
spend · 花费(时间/钱);度过
v· 链接度 3 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:pay money for something; use time doing something
She spends two hours a day practising the piano. 她每天花两个小时练钢琴。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pay | 支付(钱) | pay 专指付钱,spend 可以是时间也可以是钱——spend money on / pay for sth | pay for the meal · spend money on clothes |
| pass | 度过(时间) | pass time 偏”消磨时间”,spend time 偏”把时间用在某事上” | pass the time · spend time studying |
| invest | 投入;投资 | invest 含有”期望回报”的意思,spend 是纯粹花出去 | invest time in learning |
反义:save · earn · keep
Aaron 易错点
- spend + 时间/钱 + on + 名词:spend time on homework / spend money on food
- spend + 时间 + (in) doing:spend time doing(in 可省略):❌ spend time to study → ✅ spend time studying
- spend 不规则:spend → spent → spent,不是 spended
- cost vs spend:sth costs money(主语是物)vs sb spends money on sth(主语是人)
习语
- spend a penny = 上厕所(英式委婉语)
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions
swim · 游泳;游泳(n.)
v/n· 链接度 3 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · KET
英文定义:move through water by using arms and legs
He learned to swim when he was four years old. 他四岁就学会了游泳。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| float | 漂浮 | float 是静止地漂在水面,swim 是主动用力游动 | float on the surface · swim across the lake |
| dive | 跳水;潜水 | dive 是向水中跳入或向下潜,swim 是在水平面移动 | dive into the pool |
| wade | 涉水;蹚水 | wade 是在浅水中行走(不游),swim 是在深水里游 | wade across the stream |
反义:sink · drown
Aaron 易错点
- swim 不规则:swim → swam → swum,不是 swimmed
- go swimming(出去游泳)是固定搭配,不说
go to swim - swim across / swim in / swim to:介词选择按具体动作(穿越/在……游/游向)
习语
- go swimming = 去游泳
- sink or swim = 不成功便成仁(独立面对)
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
arrive · 到达;抵达
v· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:reach a place after a journey
The train arrived at the station ten minutes late. 火车晚了十分钟才到站。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| reach | 到达;到达某地 | reach 直接跟地点(不加介词),arrive 必须加 at/in——reach the station vs arrive at the station | reach home · arrive at school |
| get to | 到达(口语) | get to 是最口语的说法,arrive at/in 更书面,reach 居中 | get to the airport · arrive in London |
| turn up | 露面;出现(口语) | turn up 含”没想到出现了”的意外色彩,arrive 中性 | He finally turned up two hours late. |
反义:leave · depart · set off
Aaron 易错点
- arrive at(具体地点,小)vs arrive in(大城市/国家):arrive at school / arrive in China
- ❌ arrive to the station → ✅ arrive at the station(arrive 不接 to)
- reach 直接接地点,不加任何介词:reach the airport(对),❌ reach at the airport
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 介词 Prepositions · 现在完成时 Present Perfect
ever · 曾经;从来(在疑问/否定句中)
adv· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:at any time; used especially in questions and negative sentences
Have you ever eaten sushi? 你吃过寿司吗?
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| at any time | 在任何时候 | at any time 是 ever 的完整释义,语气更强调开放性 | Call me at any time. |
| always | 总是 | always 是”一直/每次都”,ever 是”曾经某次”——时间跨度不同 | She is always kind vs Has she ever been rude? |
| once | 曾经;一度 | once 侧重”有过一次”的经历,ever 是一般性”曾经”询问 | I once lived in Paris. |
反义:never
Aaron 易错点
- ever 只出现在疑问句和否定句中,不说
I ever went there.→ ✅ Have you ever been there? - ever 在现在完成时疑问句中固定位置:Have you ever + 过去分词?
- forever(永远)是合成词,ever(曾经)是单词——拼写别混
- 比较级 + than ever = 比以往任何时候都……:better than ever / more popular than ever
出现在:现在完成时 Present Perfect · 副词 Adverbs · 否定句 Negation
explain · 解释;说明
v· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:make something clear by describing it in more detail
Can you explain why you were late today? 你能解释一下今天为什么迟到吗?
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| describe | 描述;形容 | describe 是”画出样子”(外观、细节),explain 是”讲清楚道理”(原因、逻辑) | describe a place · explain a reason |
| clarify | 澄清;阐明 | clarify 是消除混淆(让模糊的变清楚),explain 是主动讲解 | clarify a misunderstanding |
| illustrate | 举例说明;图示 | illustrate 含用例子或图表来说明,比 explain 更具体 | illustrate with an example |
反义:confuse · complicate · mislead
Aaron 易错点
- explain 不能直接接人:❌ explain me the reason → ✅ explain the reason to me(explain 不用双宾语结构)
- explanation 是名词:give an explanation / an explanation for sth
- explain why/how/what 接间接疑问句(宾语从句):explain why he left
出现在:宾语从句 Object Clauses · 间接引语 Reported Speech · 介词 Prepositions
perform · 表演;执行;完成
v· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:carry out an action or task; present an artistic act in front of an audience
The band performed three songs at the school concert. 乐队在学校音乐会上表演了三首歌。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| act | 表演;行动 | act 偏戏剧表演(act in a play),perform 更广——包括音乐、舞蹈、任务执行等 | act in a drama · perform a dance |
| present | 呈现;展示 | present 侧重”向观众展示”,perform 侧重”现场完成动作” | present a project · perform a trick |
| execute | 执行;实施 | execute 偏技术性执行(execute a plan),perform 更广泛 | execute a task |
反义:fail · skip · cancel
Aaron 易错点
- performance 是名词:give a performance(演出)/ put on a performance
- perform well/poorly = 表现好/差——在 KET 阅读中常见这个用法
- performer(表演者)= 名词,不要写成
performor
习语
- put on a performance = 进行表演
出现在:一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 被动语态 Passive Voice
seem · 看起来;似乎
v· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:give the impression of being something; appear to be true
She seems upset about something, but won’t talk about it. 她看起来为某事烦恼,但不肯说。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| appear | 显得;似乎 | appear 比 seem 更书面,两者几乎可互换,但 appear 常见于正式写作 | appear nervous · seem nervous |
| look | 看起来(视觉) | look 限于视觉印象(看起来),seem 可以来自各种感官或逻辑推断 | look tired · seem strange |
| sound | 听起来 | sound 是听觉印象,seem 更综合——That sounds great / That seems fine. | sound interesting · seem wrong |
反义:be · prove · turn out
Aaron 易错点
- seem + 形容词(系动词用法):seem happy / seem wrong(不接副词)
- it seems that + 从句:It seems that she is upset.(也可以说 She seems upset.)
- seem to do = 似乎在做:She seems to know the answer.
- seem / appear / look 三胞胎:look 只视觉,sound 只听觉,seem/appear 综合感知
出现在:系动词 Linking Verbs · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 宾语从句 Object Clauses
then · 那时;然后;那么
adv/conj· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:at that time; after that; in that case
First we had dinner, then we went for a walk by the lake. 我们先吃了晚饭,然后去湖边散了散步。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| next | 接下来;然后 | next 强调顺序中的”紧接下一步”,then 可表时间也可表逻辑推导 | first…then…next |
| afterwards | 之后;事后 | afterwards 强调”在此之后”(时间,比 then 更明确),then 语义更多元 | We had tea afterwards. |
| so | 那么;因此 | so 表因果逻辑,then 表时间顺序或”在那种情况下”的推理 | If it rains, then we'll stay inside. |
反义:now · before · first
Aaron 易错点
- then 表时间(那时,然后)vs then 表逻辑(那么,在这种情况下):别只记第一个意思
- If…then 是条件句固定结构:If you work hard, then you will succeed.
- then 不能单独连接两个句子(会造成连写句):First we ate, then we left.(用逗号分隔)
出现在:副词 Adverbs · 条件句 Conditional Sentences · 时态序列 Tense Sequence
till · 直到……为止;在……之前
prep/conj· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:up to a certain time; continuing to a point in time
We waited till midnight but she never came. 我们等到半夜,但她始终没有出现。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| until | 直到……为止 | till 和 until 含义完全相同,但 until 更正式——句首位置或书面英语用 until,口语用 till | Wait till I call you. / Wait until I call you.(完全等价) |
| by | 在……之前(截止) | by 是”不超过某时间点”(截止时间),till 是”持续到某时间点” | Finish it by Monday vs Work till Monday. |
| up to | 直到;高达 | up to 表数量上限或时间范围,till 专表时间延续 | up to ten people · till 10 o'clock |
反义:from · since · after
Aaron 易错点
- till = until,两者完全可以互换,但 until 更正式——KET 写作建议用 until
- not…until = 直到……才:I didn’t sleep until midnight.(不是”直到半夜都在睡”)
- until/till 引导时间状语从句时,主句用将来时,从句用现在时:Wait till he comes.(不用 will come)
出现在:时间状语从句 Time Clauses · 介词 Prepositions · 一般将来时 Simple Future
together · 一起;共同
adv· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:with each other; at the same time and place; joined
Let’s work together and finish this project before the deadline. 我们一起合作,赶在截止日期前完成这个项目吧。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| jointly | 共同地;联合地 | jointly 是书面正式词,together 口语通用 | jointly responsible |
| collectively | 集体地;整体地 | collectively 强调”作为一个整体”,together 更口语化强调”在一起” | act collectively |
| as a team | 作为一个团队 | as a team 强调团队协作,together 更泛指”共同” | work as a team |
反义:apart · separately · alone
Aaron 易错点
- together vs each other:together = 一起做(We played together)/ each other = 互相对对方做(We helped each other)——完全不同概念
- put together = 组合起来(动词短语),与 together 独立副词用法不同
- all together(= all at once,全部一起)vs altogether(= completely,完全地)——拼写差距一个空格
习语
- get it together = 振作起来;把事情理清楚(口语)
- together with = 连同;加上(= along with)
出现在:副词 Adverbs · 代词 Pronouns · 一般现在时 Simple Present