🔵 词枢纽 · 动作动词

95 词,按链接度(同义词数量)降序排列 数据源:01_operations.yml 浏览入口:_总索引

📑 词头索引

pass · take · get · make · run · go fall · down · still · give · return · live turn · do · near · even · have · up drive · out · far · discover · move · south keep · north · come · learn · visit · well jump · leave · send · agree · bring · follow only · put · suppose · grow · prepare · be describe · enter · allow · fly · happen · understand ask · let · receive · continue · east · i travel · west · fail · almost · enjoy · further much · now · very · earn · eat · remember sing · sit · suggest · write · enough · hear lose · become · believe · choose · decide · improve own · walk · will · except · forget · here listen · spend · swim · arrive · ever · explain perform · seem · then · till · together


pass · 经过;传递;通过(考试);传球(n.)

v/n · 链接度 61 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:go by; move from one place or person to another; succeed in a test

She passed the salt across the table without looking up. 她头也没抬就把盐递过了桌子。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
cross穿越;越过cross 强调从一侧到另一侧的跨越(cross the road),pass 是”经过”不一定有跨越动作cross the street · pass the school gate
hand递给hand 专指用手递交(hand in homework),pass 可以是扔、推、递等多种方式hand over documents
overtake超越;超车overtake 强调超过并领先,pass 只是经过或超越不含领先含义overtake on the highway
exceed超出;超过(数量)exceed 用于数量或限度上的超过,pass 口语化,不用于数字场景exceed the speed limit

反义fail · stop · block

Aaron 易错点

  • pass 通过考试 vs fail 不及格:I passed the exam(通过),不说 I passed in the exam
  • pass away = 去世(委婉说法)——不是「传走」
  • pass sth to sb(传递物品)双宾语语序:pass me the ball / pass the ball to me
  • time passes(时间流逝)是固定用法,不说 time goes pass

习语

  • pass away = 去世(委婉)
  • pass out = 昏倒;分发
  • pass by = 经过;路过

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions


take · 拿;带走;乘坐;花费(时间);接受

v · 链接度 60 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move something or someone from one place; use; need (time or effort)

It takes courage to stand up for what is right. 坚持正义需要勇气。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
bring带来(朝说话人)take 是带走(离开说话人),bring 是带来(朝说话人)——方向相反,是 KET 最高频混淆对take to school · bring home
carry携带;搬运carry 强调”身体承载的过程”,take 强调”拿走的动作或结果”carry a bag · take a bag
grab抓取;匆忙拿grab 含迅速或强力的动作意味,take 中性,grab 有紧迫感grab a seat before it's gone
accept接受accept 是心理上的接纳,take 是物理上的拿取;take sth 和 accept sth 场景不同accept an offer · take a gift

反义give · leave · return

Aaron 易错点

  • take 不规则:take → took → taken,不是 taked
  • take vs bring 方向陷阱:Take your umbrella(离家出门带走),Bring your umbrella(朝我这边带来)
  • take + 时间:It takes 2 hours(花时间)——主语是 it,不是人
  • take care of = 照顾;take part in = 参加;take off = 脱下/起飞——高频短语动词不能字面翻译

习语

  • take care of = 照顾;负责
  • take part in = 参加(活动)
  • take off = 起飞;脱下(衣物)
  • take place = 发生(不用被动语态)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 情态动词 Modal Verbs


get · 得到;变得;到达;使(某人)做某事

v · 链接度 58 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:obtain or receive; become; arrive; cause to happen

She got home late and got into bed without turning on the light. 她很晚才到家,没开灯就钻进了被子。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
obtain获得(正式)obtain 书面、正式,get 口语、日常——考试写作用 obtain 更地道,但日常口语用 getobtain a certificate · get a gift
receive收到(被动)receive 强调”被给予、被送达”,get 更主动,有时含努力获得的意味receive a letter · get a letter
become变成;变得get + adj 是口语化的”变得”(get tired),become + adj/n 更正式书面get angry · become a doctor
arrive到达get to(到达某地)是口语替代,arrive at/in 更正式——意义相同风格不同get to school · arrive at school

反义give · lose · leave

Aaron 易错点

  • get 不规则:get → got → got(英式)/ gotten(美式)
  • get + adj = 变得:get cold / get dark——此处 get 是系动词,不能换成 have
  • get sb to do = 让某人做(说服);have sb do = 让某人做(安排)——语气有别
  • get on/off(上/下车)vs get in/out(上/下小轿车)——交通工具决定介词

习语

  • get along (with) = 相处融洽
  • get rid of = 摆脱;去除
  • get used to = 习惯(+Ving)
  • get over = 从……中恢复

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs


make · 制造;使得;赚得;做到;(n.)品牌

v/n · 链接度 53 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:create or produce something; cause a state or action; earn money

Hard work won’t always make you rich, but it makes you strong. 努力不一定让你富有,但它让你强大。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
create创造create 强调从无到有的独创性,make 更泛,可以是制作、引发、赚取等多义create art · make a model
produce生产;制作produce 偏工业或系统化生产,make 更口语通用produce cars · make dinner
cause导致;引起make + adj/v 表”使得”时,cause 是书面替换——make him cry / cause sadnessmake a mess · cause trouble
earn赚得earn 专指通过劳动获取,make money 是口语化表达,两者语义相近但风格不同make a living · earn a salary

反义destroy · break · lose

Aaron 易错点

  • make + 人 + adj:make me happy(让我高兴)——不是 make me be happy
  • make + 人 + do(不带 to):make him do it(对),make him to do it(错)
  • make up = 化妆 / 编造 / 和好——三个义项完全不同,靠语境判断
  • make sure (that):确保——固定搭配,不说 make certain 在 KET 级别

习语

  • make up = 化妆;编造;和好
  • make sense = 说得通;有道理
  • make up one’s mind = 下定决心
  • make the most of = 充分利用

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 使役动词 Causative Verbs · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs


run · 跑;运营;运行;(n.)奔跑;一段路程

v/n · 链接度 50 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move fast on foot; manage or operate; work continuously (machines)

He runs five kilometres every morning before school. 他每天早上上学前跑五公里。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
jog慢跑jog 是匀速健身慢跑,run 更快、更广义——jog 是 run 的细分动作jog in the park · run for the bus
sprint冲刺;全速跑sprint 是全力短距离冲刺,是 run 中速度最快的一种sprint to the finish line
operate运营;运作当 run 意为”运营”时,operate 是书面替换——run a business / operate a companyrun a shop · operate a machine
flow流淌run 形容液体流淌(water runs)时,flow 是更文学的替换,但 flow 不用于跑步the river runs · the river flows

反义walk · stop · shut down

Aaron 易错点

  • run 不规则:run → ran → run(过去分词与原形同形)
  • run a business / run a school = 经营、管理,不是「跑企业」
  • in the long run = 从长远来看(固定搭配,不是「在长跑中」)
  • run out of = 用完:We ran out of time(时间不够了)——高频短语

习语

  • run out of = 耗尽;用完
  • in the long run = 从长远来看
  • run into = 偶然遇见;撞上

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


go · 去;离开;变成(某种状态);(n.)尝试;轮次

v/n · 链接度 49 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move from one place to another (away from speaker); become a state; proceed

The milk has gone bad—don’t drink it. 牛奶坏掉了,别喝。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
come来(朝说话人)go 是离开说话人方向,come 是靠近说话人方向——这是英语方向性的核心区分go to school · come home
leave离开leave 强调”离开某处”的动作本身,go 强调”前往另一处”的目的leave home at 8 · go to work
travel旅行;行进travel 强调途中行进的过程,go 只说方向不说过程travel by train · go to Paris
become变成go + adj 表示”变成(通常变坏)“时近义 become,但 go bad/wrong/mad 是固定搭配,become 不能替换go bad · become famous

反义come · stay · arrive

Aaron 易错点

  • go 不规则:go → went → gone(过去式 went 不规则,必须记)
  • go vs come 方向陷阱:Come here!(来我这儿)vs Go there!(去那儿)——以说话人为参照
  • go + Ving 表示活动:go swimming / go shopping——不用不定式
  • be gone = 已经不在了(与 have gone 区分:She is gone 是状态,She has gone 是完成)

习语

  • go on = 继续;发生
  • go through = 经历;仔细检查
  • go for it = 去争取;加油(口语)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives


fall · 跌倒;下降;(秋天)落下;(n.)跌落;秋天(美式)

v/n · 链接度 39 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move downward or drop; decrease; happen suddenly (fall asleep/ill)

Leaves fall from the trees when autumn comes. 秋天一到,树叶纷纷飘落。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
drop落下;降低drop 强调突然快速下落(drop a cup),fall 更通用,也可缓慢下落(snow falls)drop the ball · fall slowly
tumble跌跌撞撞;滚落tumble 含旋转或翻滚意味,fall 是垂直下落,tumble 更形象有动感tumble down the stairs
decrease减少;下降当 fall 表示”数量下降”时,decrease 是书面替换;fall in prices / decrease in pricesprices fell sharply · temperature decreased
collapse倒塌;突然倒下collapse 是全面崩溃性倒下(建筑/身体垮掉),fall 是普通跌落collapse from exhaustion · fall off a bike

反义rise · climb · increase

Aaron 易错点

  • fall 不规则:fall → fell → fallen(不是 falled)
  • fall asleep / fall ill / fall in love——fall + adj 是固定搭配,表示「进入某状态」
  • fall vs autumn:英式用 autumn,美式用 fall——KET 考试以英式为准
  • fall out with sb = 与某人闹翻(不是「从某人那里落下」)

习语

  • fall asleep = 入睡
  • fall in love (with) = 爱上
  • fall apart = 崩溃;散架

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 现在完成时 Present Perfect


down · 向下;沿着(prep.);低落的(adj.)

adv/prep/adj · 链接度 36 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:toward a lower level; along (a road or river); in a sad or low state

She sat down by the river and watched the water flow down to the sea. 她在河边坐下,望着水流向大海。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
below在……以下;低于below 是静态位置(below the line),down 强调”向下”的方向或动态移动below zero · go down
downward向下地(副词/形容词)downward 明确说明方向,是 down 的正式替换,常用于书面a downward trend
low低;低落low 是形容词(程度/位置低),down 作形容词时偏情绪(I’m feeling down)low price · feel down
along沿着down 作介词时可表”沿着向下”(down the street),along 侧重”水平方向沿”down the hill · along the road

反义up · above · high

Aaron 易错点

  • sit down / lie down / calm down——down 与动词搭配固定,不能换成 below 或 downward
  • down 作形容词:I feel down today(情绪低落)——不是「我感觉向下」
  • down 的短语动词陷阱:break down(故障/崩溃)/ let down(令失望)/ put down(放下/写下)
  • write down = 记下(强调向下写在纸上),不说 write below

习语

  • break down = 故障;崩溃;失控哭泣
  • let sb down = 令某人失望
  • upside down = 颠倒;混乱

出现在介词 Prepositions · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs


still · 仍然;还是(adv.);静止的;平静的(adj.)

adv/adj · 链接度 35 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:continuing to happen; not moving; calm and quiet

It was still dark when she woke up, but the house was very still. 她醒来时天还黑着,但屋子里静极了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
yet还;仍然(否定/疑问句)still 用于肯定句(still here),yet 用于否定句和疑问句(not yet / have you finished yet?)——位置和语境完全不同I still don't know · Has he arrived yet?
motionless一动不动的motionless 是书面形容词,强调”丝毫不动”,still 更口语且有情感色彩(stand still)stand motionless · keep still
calm平静的still 形容物理上的静止(still water),calm 更多指心理的平静(calm person)still lake · calm voice
nevertheless尽管如此(转折)still 有时含”尽管如此”的转折语气(Still, it was worth trying),nevertheless 是书面替换Still, we tried. · nevertheless succeeded

反义moving · already · no longer

Aaron 易错点

  • still 的位置:放在 be 动词之后、实义动词之前——She is still here / She still likes him
  • still vs yet:He hasn’t done it yet(否定用 yet)vs He still hasn’t done it(强调持续未做)
  • Stand still! = 站住别动!——形容词用法,不是副词
  • still water(静水)是真实含义,不要望文生义为「仍然是水」

习语

  • stand still = 一动不动地站着
  • still waters run deep = 静水流深(外表平静内心深沉)

出现在副词位置 Adverb Placement · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs


give · 给;赠予;提供;献出

v · 链接度 33 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:hand something to someone; provide or offer; perform an action (give a speech)

She gave him a look that said everything without a single word. 她给了他一个眼神,胜过千言万语。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
offer提供;主动给予offer 是主动提出(来者不一定接受),give 是实际给出(对方已接受或正在接受)offer help · give help
hand递交;移交hand 专指用手递交,give 更广义,可以是给时间、给建议等抽象物hand over the keys · give advice
present赠予;呈献(正式)present 含仪式感,强调”郑重地赠给”,give 是日常口语present an award · give a prize
donate捐赠donate 专指公益捐赠,give 是通用动词,donate 是语义子集donate to charity · give money

反义take · receive · keep

Aaron 易错点

  • give 不规则:give → gave → given
  • 双宾语语序:give sb sth(人在前)/ give sth to sb(to 接人)——两者均对
  • give up = 放弃;give in = 让步屈服;give out = 分发/耗尽——三个方向意思不同
  • give a speech / give a hand / give way——give + 名词 = 执行某动作,不能换成 do

习语

  • give up = 放弃
  • give in = 让步;屈服
  • give away = 赠送;泄露(秘密)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 双宾语结构 Double Object


return · 返回;归还;回报(n.)

v/n · 链接度 33 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:come or go back; give back something borrowed; a profit or result

He returned the library book and returned home just before dinner. 他还了图书馆的书,在晚饭前赶回了家。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
come back回来(口语)come back 是口语化的”回来”,return 更正式,书面写作优先用 returncome back home · return to school
go back回去go back 是口语化的”回到原地”,return 是正式替换,且不需要再加 backgo back to sleep · return to the topic
restore恢复;修复restore 含”恢复到原状”,return 是字面意义的”归还”,restore 多用于修复受损的事物restore old paintings · return borrowed items
reply回复;回答return a call(回电话)时,reply 是回答、回复文字,两者应用场景不同return a call · reply to an email

反义leave · take · depart

Aaron 易错点

  • return back 是冗余——return 本身含 back 的意思,不说 return back
  • return 作名词:a return ticket(来回票,英式);in return(作为回报)
  • return to + 地方:return to school(不是 return to at school
  • by return(英式信件用语)= 立即回复——Aaron 读英式阅读理解可能遇到

习语

  • in return (for) = 作为回报
  • return ticket = 来回票(英式)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 介词 Prepositions


live · 生活;居住;活着(v.);现场直播的;活的(adj.)

v/adj · 链接度 31 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:be alive; reside in a place; remain in memory; (adj.) broadcast in real time

She lives alone, but she never feels lonely. 她独居,但从不感到孤单。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
reside居住(正式)reside 是书面用词,强调”正式居所”,live 是日常口语,不可替换 live on(靠……生活)reside in Paris · live in a flat
dwell居住(文学)dwell 偏文学或古文用法,暗示扎根某处,比 live 更有诗意,现代日常不用dwell in a forest
exist存在;活着exist 强调”存在本身”,live 含”有质量地活着”——to exist is not enough; one must liveexist to eat · live to the fullest
survive生存;活下来survive 强调”在困境中活下来”,live 是正常的生活状态,survive 有历险含义survive the winter · live comfortably

反义die · leave · depart

Aaron 易错点

  • live 作形容词发音 /laɪv/(现场的),作动词发音 /lɪv/(居住/生活)——同形异音
  • live on sth = 靠……为生:live on rice(以米饭为食),不是「在米饭上面活着」
  • live 与 life 辨析:live 是动词,life 是名词,❌ I love live → ✅ I love life
  • live + 地点无介词歧义:live in a city(in 必须有)vs live abroad(副词无 in)

习语

  • live up to = 达到(期望/标准)
  • live on = 靠……生活;继续活着
  • long live = ……万岁(祝愿用语)

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 介词 Prepositions · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs


turn · 转动;变成;轮到(v.);转弯;轮次(n.)

v/n · 链接度 29 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move around; change direction; become different; one’s chance in sequence

The leaves turn yellow and gold when autumn arrives. 秋天一到,树叶变成金黄色。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
rotate旋转(绕轴)rotate 是专业术语,强调绕固定轴旋转(the earth rotates),turn 是日常用词更广义rotate 90 degrees · turn the key
spin快速旋转spin 是快速持续旋转(spinning top),turn 含方向变换,不一定旋转spin around · turn left
become变成turn + adj/n 表示变成新状态,含有”意外或明显转变”的意味,become 更中性书面turn red · become angry
twist扭转;扭曲twist 含力量和形变感(twist a towel),turn 更平稳,twist 常暗示不自然的弯曲twist the lid · turn the handle

反义stay · remain · keep straight

Aaron 易错点

  • turn + adj(变得)是固定结构:turn cold / turn pale——不用 become 替换在固定搭配里
  • turn up = 出现/调大(音量);turn down = 拒绝/调小;turn off = 关闭——三个方向含义不同
  • take turns(轮流)固定搭配:take turns doing sth——不是 make turns
  • It’s your turn.(轮到你了)中 turn 是名词,不要用成动词

习语

  • turn up = 出现;(音量)调大
  • turn down = 拒绝;(音量)调小
  • in turn = 依次;轮流地

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


do · 做;执行;(助动词)构成疑问/否定;起作用

v · 链接度 25 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:perform an action or task; be sufficient; (auxiliary) form questions and negatives

What do you do on weekends? — I do my homework, then do whatever I like. 你周末做什么?——我先写作业,然后做喜欢的事。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
perform执行;表演perform 更正式,强调按要求执行(perform a task),do 是日常口语的通用动词perform surgery · do an experiment
carry out执行;实施carry out 强调”完成执行”的过程,do 是更短促的通用词carry out a plan · do research
act行动;表演act 强调”采取行动”或”表演”,do 不含表演含义,act on(依照行动)是固定搭配act quickly · do something
work有效;起作用当 do 表示”管用、足够”时,work 是口语近义词——Will this do? / Does it work?This will do. · It works.

反义undo · avoid · neglect

Aaron 易错点

  • do 双身份:实义动词(do homework)+ 助动词(Do you like…? / I don’t…)——不能混用
  • do vs make 搭配无规律,必须背:do homework / make a mistake / do the dishes / make a cake
  • do 不规则:do → did → done(不是 doed)
  • do good / do harm / do damage——do + 抽象名词是固定搭配,不能换成 make

习语

  • do well = 做得好;进展顺利
  • do without = 没有……也行
  • dos and don’ts = 行为规范;注意事项

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs


near · 近;附近(adv.);在……附近(prep.);接近的(adj.)

adv/prep/adj · 链接度 24 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:not far away in distance or time; close to

The school is near the park, so she walks there every day. 学校在公园附近,所以她每天步行去上课。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
close近;紧密的close 与 near 高度相似,但 close 更常用于形容词(a close friend),near 更常用于介词(near the door)close to the station · near the school
nearby附近的(adj.)nearby 只作形容词或副词,不可作介词;near 可三用——nearby shop vs near the shopa nearby hospital · near here
next to紧挨着next to 强调”紧贴在旁边”,near 只说”附近”不一定挨着sit next to me · near the window
around在……周围;附近around 暗示”环绕或大致在某区域”,near 是更精确的”靠近”around the corner · near the exit

反义far · distant · away

Aaron 易错点

  • near vs nearby:near 可作介词(near the park),nearby 只作形容词/副词(a nearby park)
  • near 比较级不规则:near → nearer → nearest(不是 more near)
  • near miss = 险些发生的事故(差点撞上)——不是「几乎不中」
  • in the near future(在不远的将来)固定搭配——不是 in the close future

习语

  • in the near future = 在不远的将来
  • near miss = 险些发生的事故

出现在介词 Prepositions · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs


even · 甚至;连……都(adv.);平整的;均匀的;偶数的(adj.)

adv/adj · 链接度 23 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:used to emphasize something unexpected; flat and smooth; equal in amount

Even the teacher didn’t know the answer. 连老师都不知道答案。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
flat平坦的flat 是地理或物理上的平坦,even 作形容词时强调”均匀平整无起伏”,flat 更口语flat road · even surface
equal相等的equal 强调”数量或价值完全相等”,even 强调”分配或分布均匀”equal rights · even share
still甚至(程度更进)even 强调出乎意料,still 在比较句中强调程度更深(even better / still better 均可但含义微有不同)even harder · still harder
despite尽管even though(尽管)是连词搭配,语义近 despite,但 despite 是介词不能接从句even though it rained · despite the rain

反义odd · uneven · unequal

Aaron 易错点

  • even 的位置在强调词前面:even he did it / I didn’t even try——位置错会改变意思
  • even if(即使——假设)vs even though(尽管——事实):Even if it rains… / Even though it rained…
  • even number(偶数)vs odd number(奇数)——考数学英语 Aaron 必须记
  • break even = 收支平衡(不亏不赚)——惯用语

习语

  • even if = 即使(假设)
  • even though = 尽管(事实)
  • break even = 收支平衡

出现在副词位置 Adverb Placement · 条件状语从句 Conditional Clauses · 让步状语从句 Concessive Clauses


have · 有;拥有;(助动词)构成完成时;经历;吃/喝

v · 链接度 23 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:own or possess; (auxiliary) form perfect tenses; eat or drink; experience

Have you ever had a pet? — I had a dog once, but now I have no time. 你养过宠物吗?——我养过一只狗,但现在没时间了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
own拥有(所有权)own 强调法律意义上的所有权,have 是通用的”持有”,have 不能替换 own 作形容词(owner)own a house · have a house
possess持有;占有possess 比 have 正式,书面语常见,有时含”掌握/控制”之意possess great talent · have talent
hold持有;举行hold 强调”手持或暂时保管”,have 更通用;hold a meeting 等固定搭配不能换成 havehold a pen · have a pen
get得到have 是”拥有状态”,get 是”获得的动作”——I have a book(状态)/ I got a book(动作)have an idea · get an idea

反义lack · lose · be without

Aaron 易错点

  • have 双身份:实义动词(have a book)+ 助动词(have done = 完成时)——助动词时不能省
  • have got = have(英式口语):I’ve got a cold = I have a cold——不是「得到了一场感冒」
  • have to(必须)≠ must:have to 强调外部压力,must 强调内心认定——KET 高频辨析
  • have breakfast/lunch/dinner——三餐不加冠词;have a meal(泛指一顿饭)加冠词

习语

  • have to = 必须(外部压力)
  • have a good time = 玩得开心
  • have in common = 有共同点

出现在现在完成时 Present Perfect · 助动词 Auxiliary Verbs · 情态动词 Modal Verbs


up · 向上;起来(adv.);沿着向上(prep.);运行中的(adj.)

adv/prep/adj · 链接度 23 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:to or in a higher place or level; along toward a higher point; awake and active

She got up early and climbed up to the hilltop to watch the sunrise. 她早起,爬上山顶去看日出。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
above在……上方(位置)above 是静态位置(above the cloud),up 强调方向或动态上升(go up)above the roof · go up the stairs
upward向上地(副词/形容词)upward 是 up 的正式替换,常出现在书面(an upward trend),up 更口语look upward · look up
awake醒着be up = 起床了(I’m already up),be awake = 仍然清醒,两者在口语里接近但 up 含”已起身”Are you up? · Are you awake?
ahead向前;领先up 在某些场景含”向前进步”之意(move up),ahead 专指空间或时间上在前面move up the ranks · go ahead

反义down · below · asleep

Aaron 易错点

  • get up(起床)/ stand up / sit up——up 与动词搭配固定,不能换成 above
  • up 短语动词陷阱:give up(放弃)/ look up(查找/仰望)/ use up(用完)/ make up(化妆/编造)
  • up to(多达;取决于):It’s up to you(由你决定)——不是「到你上面」
  • What’s up? = 怎么了 / 近况如何(口语问候)——不是「什么在上面」

习语

  • give up = 放弃
  • up to = 多达;取决于
  • What’s up? = 怎么了?(口语)

出现在介词 Prepositions · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs


drive · 驾驶;驱使;驱赶;(汽车)旅程(n.)

v/n · 链接度 22 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:operate and steer a vehicle; push or force someone to do something

She drives to work every morning, even when the roads are icy. 她每天早上都开车上班,哪怕路上结了冰。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
steer掌舵;引导steer 强调”控制方向”这个动作,drive 是整体驾驶行为——开船 steer,开车 drivesteer the boat around the rocks
operate操作;驾驶(机器)operate 更正式,多用于飞机、机械、设备,drive 专属车辆日常语境operate heavy machinery
push推动;迫使drive sb to do sth(情感驱使),push sb to do sth(外部施压),push 更偏物理或强制pushed to the limit · driven by ambition
motivate激励;驱动(内在)motivate 是正向驱动,drive 既可正向也可含逼迫意味motivated to succeed

反义stop · park · brake

Aaron 易错点

  • drive 不规则:drive → drove → driven,不是 drived
  • drive sb crazy/mad = 把某人逼疯(固定搭配),不是「开车把某人弄疯」
  • go for a drive(兜风)固定名词用法,注意 drive 作名词
  • drive to + 地点(开车去),不说 drive at 某地

习语

  • drive sb crazy = 把某人逼疯
  • go for a drive = 兜风
  • drive home = 开车回家;把某点说清楚(比喻)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 宾语从句 Object Clauses


out · 在外;向外;出去;熄灭的(adj.)

adv/prep/adj · 链接度 22 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:away from the inside; no longer lit or working; not at home

The lights went out during the storm, and we sat in the dark. 暴风雨中灯突然全灭,我们坐在黑暗里。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
outside在外面;外部outside 是位置状态,out 是方向或动作——go out(动作),stand outside(位置)wait outside · go out
away离开;远离away 强调距离感,out 强调离开内部空间——be away(不在)vs be out(不在家)go away · step out
forth向前;出来(正式/文学)forth 是书面语、文学用词(set forth = 出发),out 是日常口语set forth on a journey

反义in · inside · within

Aaron 易错点

  • out 与动词搭配意思可完全变化:find out(发现)/ run out(用光)/ work out(解决/健身)
  • out of + 名词:out of water(没水了)/ out of order(坏了),是固定搭配
  • lights are out = 灯灭了,不是「灯在外面」——out 作表语时意思是「熄灭的」
  • ❌ go to out / ✅ go out——out 作副词,前面不加 to

习语

  • out of order = 出故障;不按顺序
  • find out = 发现;查明
  • run out of = 用完;耗尽

出现在介词 Prepositions · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs · 副词 Adverbs


far · 远;很远;远处的(adj.);相当

adv/adj · 链接度 21 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:at or to a great distance; by a large amount

It’s not far—just ten minutes on the bus. 不远——坐公交十分钟就到了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
distant遥远的(形容词)distant 是形容词,far 可以作副词和形容词——a distant mountain / far awaya distant star
remote偏远的;遥远的remote 含”难以到达”之意,far 只说距离,remote 多了”人迹罕至”的色彩a remote village
away离……有……距离两者常连用——far away,单独 away 不强调距离,far 专指较大距离far away from home

反义near · close · nearby

Aaron 易错点

  • far 比较级不规则:far → farther(距离)/ further(程度)→ farthest / furthest
  • How far = 多远(距离提问),不要用 How long 问距离
  • so far = 到目前为止(固定搭配),不是「好远」
  • far too + 形容词(远不止……,太……了):far too difficult = 难太多了

习语

  • so far = 迄今为止
  • far and wide = 到处;四面八方
  • go too far = 做过头了

出现在比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 疑问句 Question Forms · 副词 Adverbs


discover · 发现;察觉;首次得知

v · 链接度 20 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:find or learn something for the first time; realize something previously unknown

Scientists discovered that the ancient cave paintings were over 20,000 years old. 科学家发现那些古老的洞穴壁画已有两万多年历史。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
find找到;发现find 更口语、更广泛(找钥匙/找答案),discover 含”首次揭示”的重要意味,多用于重大发现find your keys · discover a new species
uncover揭露;挖掘出uncover 暗含”被隐藏、被掩盖”,discover 更中性——uncover a scandal vs discover a planetuncover the truth
reveal揭示;显现reveal 侧重主动展示或揭开,discover 侧重发现者的认知过程reveal a secret
detect察觉;探测detect 常用于科学、技术、细微信号——探测器 detector,discover 更泛,不限技术手段detect a signal

反义hide · overlook · miss

Aaron 易错点

  • discover + that 从句(发现……这件事),不说 discover about
  • discovery(n.)名词复数:discoveries(y→ies)
  • discover ≠ invent:discover 是发现已存在的事物,invent 是发明原本不存在的东西
  • discoverer(发现者)≠ investigator(调查者),别混淆角色

习语

  • make a discovery = 做出发现(名词搭配)
  • discover for oneself = 亲自体会;自行发现

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 现在完成时 Present Perfect


move · 移动;搬家;感动;举措(n.)

v/n · 链接度 19 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:change position; go to live in a different place; cause someone to feel emotion

The music was so beautiful that it moved her to tears. 那音乐太动人了,她听着听着就哭了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
shift移动;转移(位置/注意力)shift 多指短暂、小范围位置调整(shift your weight),move 可以是大规模搬迁shift your seat · move to a new city
transfer转移;迁移(正式)transfer 多用于正式场合:转学、转账、调职——比 move 更有手续感transfer to another school
relocate迁移;重新安置relocate 专指整体性搬迁(公司/家庭迁址),move 更口语化、范围更广relocate to Shanghai
touch感动;触动move sb 和 touch sb 都有”令人感动”之意,touch 更温柔,move 更强烈a touching story · a moving speech

反义stay · stop · freeze

Aaron 易错点

  • move 作情感用法时一般用被动:I was moved by the film(不是 The film moved me was good)
  • move in(搬入)/ move out(搬出)/ move on(向前走,放下过去)——短语意思各不同
  • on the move = 在移动中,忙个不停(固定表达,不是「在动作上」)
  • moving(形容词)=感人的;moved(形容词)=被感动的——区分主被动修饰

习语

  • move on = 继续前进;放下过去
  • on the move = 忙碌中;不断移动
  • make a move = 采取行动;离开

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 被动语态 Passive Voice · 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs


south · 南;南方;向南(adv.);南部的(adj.)

n/adv/adj · 链接度 19 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:the direction to the right when you face east; toward the southern part

The birds fly south every winter to escape the cold. 鸟儿每年冬天都飞往南方,逃离严寒。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
southward向南地(adv.)southward 强调方向动作(travel southward),south 更常作位置或名词head southward
southern南部的(形容词)southern 是纯形容词(southern China),south 可作名词/副词/形容词——更灵活southern coast
subtropical亚热带的(南方气候联想)subtropical 是科学地理词,south 是方向词,两者描述层面不同subtropical climate

反义north

Aaron 易错点

  • 大写 South 指特定地区(the South = 美国南部),小写 south 是方向——首字母区分含义
  • southern 修饰名词(southern China),不说 south China(除非作专有名词 South China)
  • go south = 向南走,口语也有「变差、崩掉」之意(Plans went south. = 计划泡汤了)
  • in the south(在南方区域)/ to the south(在……的南边)——介词不同

出现在方位介词 Prepositions of Place · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 副词 Adverbs


keep · 保持;保留;继续;养(动物)

v · 链接度 18 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:continue to have or do; stay in a certain state; not throw away

Keep the change—it’s my treat. 零钱不用找了,我请客。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
maintain维持;保养maintain 更正式,多用于机器/关系/水准的持续维护,keep 是日常口语表达maintain a friendship · keep in touch
retain保留;留存retain 强调”不失去、不丢弃”,keep 更宽泛,retain 多用于书面或法律语境retain the right to appeal
hold持有;保持(状态)hold 偏手持或抓住,keep 偏持续状态——hold your breath vs keep quiethold the door · keep the door open
continue继续keep + Ving = continue + Ving,两者可互换但 keep 更口语,continue 更正式keep running · continue working

反义throw away · lose · give up

Aaron 易错点

  • keep + Ving(持续做某事):Keep trying!(不要 keep to try
  • keep sb waiting(让某人等)= 固定搭配,宾语接动名词
  • keep a secret(保守秘密)/ keep a diary(写日记)——固定搭配别译漏
  • keep 不规则:keep → kept → kept,不是 keeped

习语

  • keep in touch = 保持联系
  • keep a secret = 保守秘密
  • keep up with = 跟上;不落后

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives


north · 北;北方;向北(adv.);北部的(adj.)

n/adv/adj · 链接度 18 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:the direction opposite to south; toward or in the northern part

The Northern Star has guided sailors north for thousands of years. 北极星指引着水手向北航行,已有数千年历史。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
northward向北地(adv.)northward 强调行进方向,north 可兼作名词/副词/形容词sail northward
northern北部的(形容词)northern 是形容词,修饰名词——northern Europe;north 更灵活,可作方位名词northern lights (极光)
arctic北极的;极北的arctic 指地理极北区域,带有极冷、冰雪意象,north 只是方向Arctic Circle

反义south

Aaron 易错点

  • 大写 North 指特定地区(the North = 英国北部),小写 north 是方向
  • North Star = 北极星(固定专有名词,首字母大写)
  • northern hemisphere(北半球)固定搭配,hemisphere 是 PET 词汇
  • to the north of(在……北边)/ in the north(在北部)——介词区分方位关系

出现在方位介词 Prepositions of Place · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 副词 Adverbs


come · 来;到来(朝说话者方向);变成

v · 链接度 17 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move toward the speaker or a place being discussed; arrive; happen

Come here—I want to show you something amazing. 过来——我有好东西给你看。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
arrive到达;抵达arrive 强调到达目的地的结果,come 强调”朝我(说话者)方向移动”的过程arrive at school · come to me
approach接近;靠近approach 强调渐渐靠近的过程(距离缩短),come 更口语、更直接approach the platform
reach到达;伸手够到reach 强调到达终点(尤其是费力到达),come 不含努力的意味reach the top of the mountain

反义go · leave · depart

Aaron 易错点

  • come vs go 方向陷阱:come = 朝说话人来,go = 离开说话人;❌ Go here! ✅ Come here!
  • 邀请对方时用 come:Come to my party!(邀请对方来我这里),不说 go to my party
  • come 不规则:come → came → come(过去分词仍是 come,不是 comed/came)
  • come true = 实现(梦想成真),come along = 一起来,come up with = 想出——短语各不同

习语

  • come true = 实现;成真
  • come up with = 想出(主意)
  • come on = 加油;快点;来嘛

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 祈使句 Imperative


learn · 学习;学会;得知

v · 链接度 17 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:gain knowledge or skill through study or experience; find out information

The best way to learn a language is to use it every day. 学语言最好的方式就是天天用。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
study学习;研究study 强调”认真投入学习的过程”(I study two hours a day),learn 强调”习得结果”study for the exam · learn to swim
master掌握;精通master 是 learn 的终极结果——完全掌握,不再有疑问,learn 只是过程master a skill
acquire获得;习得(正式)acquire 更书面,常用于语言习得或能力获取,learn 更口语日常acquire a new language
discover发现;得知learn(得知信息)和 discover 在”得知”这个意思上重叠,但 discover 含”首次揭示”的重要性learn the truth · discover a secret

反义forget · teach · ignore

Aaron 易错点

  • learn to do(学会做某事)≠ learn doing(❌不常用)——不定式表目标,动名词不适合
  • teach sb / learn from sb 方向不同:Aaron learns from his teacher / the teacher teaches Aaron
  • learn by heart = 背诵(固定搭配),不是「用心学」
  • learn 不规则(英式):learn → learnt → learnt;规则(美式):learned——两种都接受

习语

  • learn by heart = 背诵;记住
  • learn from mistakes = 从错误中学习
  • live and learn = 活到老学到老

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs


visit · 参观;拜访;探望;访问(n.)

v/n · 链接度 17 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:go to see a place or person; an act of going to see someone or somewhere

We visited the Great Wall on a clear autumn morning. 我们在一个晴朗的秋日清晨参观了长城。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
call on拜访(人)call on sb 强调”上门拜访某人”,visit 既可拜访人也可参观地方call on an old friend
tour游览;参观(一圈)tour 含”系统游览一圈”的意味(a tour of the museum),visit 是单次前往tour the factory
attend出席;参加attend 侧重正式场合(attend a meeting),visit 侧重自愿探访attend the conference
explore探索;游览explore 含主动发现、探索未知的色彩,visit 更平常,不含探险意味explore the old town

反义leave · avoid · stay away from

Aaron 易错点

  • visit 直接接宾语:visit Beijing / visit sb,不说 visit to Beijing
  • make a visit to = pay a visit to(拜访,名词用法)——两者都正确,固定搭配
  • visitor(参观者)≠ tourist(游客)——visitor 范围更广,tourist 专指旅游目的
  • visit + 人(探望)/ visit + 地方(参观)——同一个词,注意宾语决定含义

习语

  • pay a visit = 登门拜访
  • on a visit to = 前往……访问期间

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles


well · 好地;充分地(adv.);健康的(adj.);好了(感叹词);井(n.)

adv/adj/interj/n · 链接度 17 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:in a good or satisfactory way; healthy; used to express hesitation or introduce a statement; a deep hole for water

Well, I never expected to see you here—what a surprise! 哎,我从来没想到会在这里见到你——真是太意外了!

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
good好的(形容词)well 作副词(He plays well),good 作形容词(He is a good player)——混用是最大陷阱do well · do good work
fine很好;健康(口语)I’m fine / I’m well——两者都表示”健康状态良好”,fine 更口语,well 更正式I'm feeling fine.
healthy健康的healthy 专指身体状态,well 作形容词时也表健康但更简洁——a healthy diet / I’m wellstay healthy

反义badly · poorly · ill

Aaron 易错点

  • well ≠ good 作副词:❌ He sings good. ✅ He sings well.(修饰动词必须用副词 well)
  • well 作感叹词(停顿/引出话题):Well, let me think… ≠ 「好」的判断
  • be well(健康)vs do well(表现好)——两个 well 词性不同
  • a well(一口井)= 名词,完全不同的意思——Aaron 读文章时注意上下文
  • well done!(干得好!)固定表达,也是「全熟」(牛排)——语境决定意思

习语

  • well done = 干得好;全熟(牛排)
  • as well = 也;同样
  • well-known = 众所周知的

出现在形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 感叹词 Interjections


jump · 跳;跃过;猛然移动;涨幅(n.)

v/n · 链接度 16 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:push yourself off the ground; move suddenly; a sudden increase

The cat jumped onto the windowsill and stared at the street below. 猫一跃跳上窗台,俯视着下面的街道。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
leap腾跃;大幅跳leap 比 jump 距离更大、动作更有力,带文学气质——leap of faith vs jump over a puddleleap across the stream
spring弹跳;猛地移动spring 强调弹性动作,多指从蜷缩状态突然跃出,jump 更通用spring to her feet
hop单脚跳;小跳hop 是单脚或小幅度跳(rabbit hops),jump 是双脚发力的大动作hop on one leg
bounce弹跳;跳起来bounce 强调弹性反复,jump 是一次性动作——a bouncing ball vs jump oncebounce on the trampoline

反义land · fall · drop

Aaron 易错点

  • jump 后接介词:jump over(跳过)/ jump into(跳进)/ jump off(跳离)——介词不同意思不同
  • jump at a chance = 迫不及待抓住机会(固定搭配,不是字面跳)
  • jump the queue(英式)= 插队,不是「跳过队伍」
  • stock prices jumped = 股价猛涨(jump 的比喻用法,非运动义)

习语

  • jump at = 迫不及待地接受
  • jump to conclusions = 仓促下结论
  • jump the queue = 插队(英式)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 介词 Prepositions · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


leave · 离开;留下;遗忘(忘带);假期(n.)

v/n · 链接度 15 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:go away from a place or person; allow something to remain; time off from work

She left her umbrella on the bus—again. 她又一次把雨伞落在公交车上了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
depart出发;离开(正式)depart 是正式语境(航班/班次)的离开,leave 是日常通用词depart from Terminal 2
exit退出;离开(地点)exit 强调”从出口离开”,可作名词(the exit)或动词,leave 更广泛exit the building
abandon抛弃;放弃abandon 含”遗弃、放任不管”的负面色彩,leave 只是离开,中性abandon a sinking ship
quit辞职;退出;停止quit 偏放弃某种行为或职位(quit smoking),leave 是物理离开或离职quit the job · leave the office

反义arrive · stay · come · return

Aaron 易错点

  • leave vs left(形容词)词义陷阱:leave 动词(离开),left 作形容词=「剩余的」——the left food = 剩下的食物
  • leave 不规则:leave → left → left,不是 leaved
  • leave + 宾语(忘带):I left my phone at home = 手机忘在家里了(不是「我让手机在家」)
  • leave + sb + alone = 别打扰某人;leave + sth + to sb = 把某事留给某人

习语

  • leave behind = 把……落下;把……抛在身后
  • leave alone = 不打扰;让……单独待着
  • on leave = 休假中

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 宾语补足语 Object Complement


send · 发送;寄;派遣;使处于(某状态)

v · 链接度 15 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:cause something to go to another place; dispatch a person or thing; cause to be in a certain state

She sends her parents a postcard every time she travels abroad. 她每次出国旅行都会给父母寄一张明信片。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
mail邮寄;发邮件mail 专指通过邮政/邮件系统,send 可以是任何方式——send a text / mail a parcelmail the package
dispatch派遣;发送(正式)dispatch 正式语气,多用于紧急任务或官方派遣,send 日常通用dispatch an ambulance
post邮寄(英式)英式英语用 post 表示邮寄,美式用 mail,send 两种语境通用post a letter (Br)
transmit传送;广播transmit 多用于技术/科学语境(传播疾病、发射信号),send 是日常动词transmit data

反义receive · get · fetch

Aaron 易错点

  • send 不规则:send → sent → sent,不是 sended
  • 双宾语顺序:send sb sth(人在前)= send sth to sb(物在前+介词)
  • send for = 派人去叫/取(send for a doctor 叫医生来),不是「为……发送」
  • send sb to + 地点(派人去某地)/ send sb + 形容词(使某人变成某状态)

习语

  • send for = 派人去叫;叫(人/物)来
  • send off = 寄出;为……送行;(足球)罚下
  • send regards = 代为问候

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 双宾语结构 Double Object Verbs


agree · 同意;赞同;达成一致

v · 链接度 14 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:have the same opinion; accept a proposal; decide together

We all agreed that the movie was too long, but worth it. 我们都觉得这部电影太长了,但很值得看。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
approve批准;赞成approve 含官方或权威认可的意味(approve a plan),agree 是普通意见一致approve the budget
accept接受;认可accept 强调”收下/接受(邀请/提案)“,agree 强调”观点一致”accept an invitation
consent同意(尤指正式许可)consent 常用于需要正式同意的语境(parental consent),agree 更口语consent to the operation
concur同意;意见一致(正式)concur 是 agree 的书面高阶版,多见于正式报告或学术讨论The judges concurred.

反义disagree · refuse · object · oppose

Aaron 易错点

  • agree with sb(同意某人)/ agree on sth(就某事达成一致)/ agree to do(同意去做)——三种介词用法
  • ❌ I agree you. ✅ I agree with you.——agree 必须加介词,不能直接接人
  • I couldn’t agree more. = 我完全同意(双重否定 = 强烈肯定,不要字面翻译)
  • agree 是动态动词,不用进行时——❌ I am agreeing with you.

习语

  • agree to disagree = 各持己见;求同存异
  • I couldn’t agree more. = 我完全同意(强调)

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 介词 Prepositions · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives


bring · 带来(朝说话者方向);引起;带领

v · 链接度 14 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:carry or take something or someone toward the speaker or to a place being discussed; cause something to happen

Please bring me a glass of water—I’ve been talking for an hour. 给我拿杯水来——我说了一个小时话了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
take带走(离开说话者方向)bring = 朝说话人方向带(come + carry),take = 离开说话人方向带(go + carry)——方向完全相反bring it here · take it there
carry携带;搬运carry 只说”拿着/搬着”,不含方向信息;bring/take 则内含方向carry a heavy bag
fetch去拿来;接回fetch = 去(某处)拿回来(出去再回来),bring 只说”带过来”,不含去和回的往返动作fetch the ball
deliver递送;递交deliver 是正式的送达(送货上门),bring 更口语,不含”服务”含义deliver a package

反义take · remove · carry away

Aaron 易错点

  • bring vs take 方向陷阱(Aaron 最高频错误):❌ Take your lunch to school(说话人在家,应用 take 对,但若老师说带来就用 bring)——以说话者位置为参照
  • Bring + 宾语 + to + 地点:bring the book to me(朝我)/ take the book to school(去学校)
  • bring 不规则:bring → brought → brought,不是 bringed
  • bring about = 引起;bring up = 提出(话题)/ 抚养——短语动词意思大变

习语

  • bring up = 提出(话题);抚养
  • bring about = 导致;引起
  • bring back = 带回来;唤起(记忆)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions


follow · 跟随;遵循;理解;接着发生

v · 链接度 14 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:go after someone; obey a rule; understand what is said; come after in sequence

Follow the river downstream and you’ll find the village. 沿河流顺流而下,你就能找到那个村子。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
pursue追赶;追求pursue 含”主动努力追”的强烈意图(pursue a dream / pursue a suspect),follow 更中性pursue a career in music
obey服从;遵守follow 表遵循规则(follow the rules)偏中性,obey 含服从权威的层级关系obey orders · follow instructions
trace追踪;跟踪trace 强调循迹而行(追踪路线/根源),follow 是通用跟随trace the route on a map
track追踪;跟踪(数据)track 强调持续监测(track progress),follow 可以是一次性动作track the package

反义lead · precede · ignore

Aaron 易错点

  • follow sb = 跟随某人(物理跟随或社交媒体关注),两种意思 Aaron 都需要掌握
  • follow + 指令(follow instructions / follow rules)——follow 接什么都不加介词
  • Does that follow? / Do you follow? = 你理解了吗?(口语问句,不是「你跟上了吗?」的字面义)
  • following(adj.)= 接下来的(the following day),不要误认为是进行时

习语

  • follow up = 跟进;后续处理
  • follow through = 坚持到底;善始善终
  • follow suit = 仿效;跟着做

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


only · 只;仅仅;唯一的(adj.);只是(conj.)

adv/adj/conj · 链接度 14 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:and no one or nothing more; no more than; used to say just one thing or person

I only need five minutes—please don’t give up on me yet. 我只需要五分钟——请再等我一下,别放弃我。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
just只;仅仅(口语)just 比 only 更口语化,两者在”仅仅”意义上接近,但 only 更正式,also 含义更强调排他just one · only one
merely不过;仅仅(略带贬义)merely 含”只不过,区区”的轻视色彩,only 中性,merely 更书面merely a child
solely单独地;完全地solely 强调”完全、专门、排他”,only 有时留余地,solely 没有例外solely responsible
alone单独;仅仅(强调唯一)You alone can decide.(只有你才能……)用 alone 强调唯一性,比 only 更有文学感she alone knew

反义also · additionally · too · moreover

Aaron 易错点

  • only 的位置影响意思:I only told her(我只是告诉了她)vs I told only her(我只告诉了她一人)——位置决定强调对象
  • an only child = 独生子女(固定用法,only 作形容词前置)
  • only if = 只有在……情况下(条件强调),not only…but also = 不但……而且
  • only 作连词表「只是」:I would come, only I’m too tired.(书面用法,Aaron 在 FCE 阅读会遇到)

习语

  • not only…but also = 不但……而且
  • only if = 只有当……才
  • if only = 要是……就好了(虚拟语气)

出现在副词 Adverbs · 强调句 Cleft Sentences · 条件句 Conditional Sentences


put · 放;置;使处于某状态;表达

v · 链接度 14 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move something to a place and leave it there; express in words

She put the book on the table and turned off the light. 她把书放到桌上,然后关了灯。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
place放置(更正式、更小心翼翼)place 强调”仔细摆好”,put 是日常随手放——place the vase 像博物馆陈列,put the vase 是普通放place the trophy on the shelf
set设置;放(带目的性)set 含”就位以便使用”的意味,put 只是空间位移——set the table(摆好桌子)vs put the plates(放盘子)set the alarm / set the table
lay平放;铺lay 强调水平放置,put 不限方向——lay the map flat on the floorlay the baby down · lay bricks
deposit放下;存入deposit 是正式用词,多指存钱或放重要物品,put 更口语deposit money in the bank

反义remove · take · lift

Aaron 易错点

  • put 不规则:put → put → put(三态同形),❌ putted 是错的
  • put on(穿上)vs put off(推迟)vs put out(扑灭)——短语动词靠 on/off 定义,不是 put 本身
  • put sth 后必须接地点,不能孤立用:❌ I put it. ✅ I put it down / on the table.

习语

  • put off = 推迟;拖延
  • put on = 穿上;增加(体重)
  • put up with = 忍受

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions


suppose · 假设;认为;猜想

v · 链接度 14 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:think that something is likely to be true; use as a starting assumption

Suppose it rains tomorrow—what will we do with the picnic? 假设明天下雨,我们的野餐怎么办?

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
assume假定;以为assume 是”不加验证地认定”,suppose 可以是”暂时假设以便讨论”——assume 更自信,suppose 更试探I assume you've read it. · Suppose it's true.
guess猜测guess 是随机猜,suppose 是基于逻辑的推测——I guess 口语随意,I suppose 稍正式一点I guess so. · I suppose it's possible.
presume推定;冒昧认为presume 是”在证据不足时大胆假定”,带一定冒昧色彩,比 suppose 更主动I presume you're the new student.
imagine想象;设想imagine 偏向”脑海中构建画面”,suppose 偏向”逻辑前提的假设”Imagine you're on a spaceship.

反义know · prove · confirm

Aaron 易错点

  • be supposed to do = 本应该做(义务/预期):You’re supposed to be in class. 不是「你假设在教室」
  • I suppose so.(我猜是的)是固定软回应,语气比 I think so 更不确定
  • suppose 接 that 从句,that 可省:I suppose (that) you’re right.

出现在宾语从句 Object Clauses · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 条件句 Conditionals


grow · 生长;成长;变得;种植

v · 链接度 13 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:become bigger, taller, or more developed; become over time; cultivate plants

The sunflower grew taller than the fence by mid-summer. 到仲夏时,向日葵已经长得比栅栏还高了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
develop发展;发育develop 强调”有计划有方向地发展”,grow 更自然、更生物性——grow 像植物,develop 像工程develop a skill · grow stronger
increase增加;增长increase 偏向数量/程度上升,grow 更多指自然成长——the population grew / prices increasedthe crowd grew · profits increased
expand扩大;扩展expand 是”向外延伸/扩展版图”,grow 可以是内在的生长——expand a business vs grow as a personexpand the team · grow in confidence
mature成熟;发育完全mature 强调”达到完全成熟状态”,是 grow 过程的终点mature with age

反义shrink · wither · decline

Aaron 易错点

  • grow 不规则:grow → grew → grown,❌ growed 错
  • grow up(长大)是短语动词,不能说 grow big(除非指体型大):She grew up in Beijing.
  • grow + 形容词 = 变得:grow old(变老)/ grow dark(变暗)——这里 grow 是连系动词

习语

  • grow up = 长大成人
  • grow out of = 因长大而不再适合;戒掉(习惯)
  • grow on sb = (某事物)越来越让人喜欢

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 连系动词 Linking Verbs


prepare · 准备;预备;烹饪

v · 链接度 13 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:make ready for a purpose; get something or someone ready in advance

She spent all morning preparing for the school presentation. 她花了整个上午为学校演示做准备。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
arrange安排;布置arrange 是”整理出合理的顺序/格局”,prepare 是”为将来的事做准备”——arrange a meeting vs prepare for a meetingarrange the chairs · prepare the speech
organize组织;安排(系统化)organize 强调”系统化、有条理地整合”,prepare 更偏向”弄好以便使用”organize files · prepare ingredients
plan计划;策划plan 是在脑子里想好步骤,prepare 是动手行动——plan first, then prepareplan a trip · prepare supplies
get ready做好准备(口语)get ready 是口语化的 prepare,更随意——Get ready! 不像 Prepare! 那么书面get ready for school

反义neglect · improvise · forget

Aaron 易错点

  • prepare for sth(为某事做准备)vs prepare sth(准备某物)——两种用法都对,注意 for 的有无
  • prepared(形容词)= 有准备的:Are you prepared for the test? 不是 Are you prepare for the test?
  • preparation 是名词(准备工作),不是 preparement

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 介词 Prepositions


be · 是;在;存在(助动词用于被动语态 / 进行时)

v · 链接度 12 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:link subject to description; show existence; form passive or progressive tenses

There is a dragon in every good story. 每个好故事里都有一条龙。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
exist存在exist 是 be 在”存在”义上的书面替代——Does magic exist? 比 Is magic here? 更书面Dinosaurs no longer exist.
become变成become 是 be 的动态版——She became a doctor(过程),She is a doctor(结果状态)become friends · be friends
remain保持;仍然是remain 强调”维持不变”,be 是中性状态——He remained calm(持续保持)vs He was calm(当时是)remain silent · be quiet

反义cease · vanish · disappear

Aaron 易错点

  • be 三大用法:① 连系动词(She is tall)② 助动词-进行时(He is running)③ 助动词-被动语态(The book was written)——三者要分清
  • There be 就近一致:There is a cat and two dogs.(就近用 is,不跟后面复数)
  • be 变形全族:am/is/are(现在)/ was/were(过去)/ been(过去分词)/ being(进行式)
  • ❌ She is be tired. ✅ She is tired.(is 本身就是 be,不能叠加)

习语

  • be about to = 即将(要)做某事
  • be up to = 由……决定;在做(某事/坏事)
  • so be it = 就这样吧(接受现实)

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 被动语态 Passive Voice · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · there be 句型 There be Structure


describe · 描述;形容;描绘

v · 链接度 12 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:say or write what someone or something is like; give details about

Can you describe what the thief looked like? 你能描述一下那个小偷的样子吗?

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
explain解释;说明(原因/过程)explain 是”说清楚为什么/怎么做”,describe 是”说清楚看起来是什么样”——describe the scene vs explain the reasonexplain the rules · describe the character
portray描绘;刻画(艺术/文学)portray 是文学/艺术术语,指塑造形象——portray a hero in a novel vs describe a buildingportray the villain vividly
depict描绘(视觉/文学)depict 偏书面,常指图像或文字画面感强的描绘,比 describe 更正式The painting depicts a battle.
outline概述;勾勒outline 是”只说要点不展开”,describe 是较全面的描述outline the main points

反义ignore · omit · overlook

Aaron 易错点

  • describe + 宾语(不要加 about):❌ describe about the story / ✅ describe the story
  • 描述题型套句:The picture describes / shows…(KET 阅读图文题首句常用)
  • description 是名词(一段描述),不要写 describtion

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 被动语态 Passive Voice


enter · 进入;参加;输入(n. 回车键)

v/n · 链接度 12 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:go into a place; join a competition; type information into a device

He knocked before entering the room. 他敲了门才走进房间。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
go in进去(口语)go in 是日常口语,enter 更书面正式——Enter the building(公告语)vs Go in(和朋友说)go in the shop · enter the museum
come in进来(朝说话者方向)come in 强调方向”朝我(说话者)这里来”,enter 无方向限定Come in! · Enter the hall.
join加入;参加join 是”成为成员/参与者”,enter 多指”进入某比赛或考试”——enter a contest vs join the teamenter the competition · join the club
access进入;访问access 多用于系统/数据,enter 用于物理空间或比赛——access the website vs enter the buildingaccess the database · enter the room

反义exit · leave · quit

Aaron 易错点

  • enter 不加 into(直接跟宾语):❌ enter into the room / ✅ enter the room
  • enter a competition / enter an exam = 报名参加——不是「进入比赛现场」
  • Press Enter = 按回车(键盘键名)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 祈使句 Imperative · 介词 Prepositions


allow · 允许;让;给(时间/空间)

v · 链接度 11 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:let someone do something; give permission; make something possible

My parents allow me to stay up until ten on Fridays. 我父母允许我周五晚上待到十点。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
let让;允许(口语)let sb do(不带 to)是口语,allow sb to do(带 to)是正式——Let me go vs Allow me to leavelet him stay · allow them to enter
permit许可(书面/正式)permit 是官方或法律层面的许可,allow 更日常——permit photography vs allow photospermit access · not permitted
enable使能够;让……有能力enable 是”创造条件使得可以”,allow 是”给予允许”——enable 偏工具性,allow 偏主观授权The app enables you to track progress.
tolerate容忍;允许(消极容忍)tolerate 是不喜欢但接受,allow 是主动授权——We allow jokes; we tolerate noise.tolerate bad behavior

反义forbid · ban · prevent · prohibit

Aaron 易错点

  • allow sb to do(必须带 to):❌ allow me go / ✅ allow me to go
  • let sb do(不带 to):❌ let me to go / ✅ let me go——let 和 allow 句型正好相反
  • not allowed = 禁止(公告语):Smoking is not allowed here.

出现在情态动词 Modal Verbs · 不定式 Infinitives · 被动语态 Passive Voice


fly · 飞;乘飞机;飞速而过;苍蝇(n.)

v/n · 链接度 11 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move through the air; travel by plane; pass quickly

Time flies when you’re reading a good book. 读一本好书的时候,时间过得飞快。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
soar翱翔;飙升soar 是”高飞、上升”,带昂扬感——fly 是通用词,soar 有诗意或比喻(prices soared)eagles soar · prices soared
glide滑翔;滑行glide 是”无动力平稳移动”,fly 是通用飞行——glide 更安静优雅glide through the air · glide on ice
hover盘旋;悬停hover 是”在一处停留不走”,fly 是移动中的飞行a helicopter hovers above
speed飞速前进fly 可比喻”极快”(time flies),speed 强调速度本身The car sped down the road.

反义land · crash · crawl

Aaron 易错点

  • fly 不规则:fly → flew → flown,❌ flied(棒球术语除外)
  • time flies(时光飞逝)固定表达,不说 time flys(三单是 flies 不是 flys)
  • fly to + 地点(乘飞机去):fly to London,不加 by plane 也包含了乘飞机的意思

习语

  • time flies = 时光飞逝
  • fly off the handle = 突然发怒(口语)
  • let it fly = 随它去吧

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般现在时(三单)Simple Present


happen · 发生(偶然/自然);碰巧

v · 链接度 11 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:take place without being planned; occur by chance

Nobody knows exactly how the accident happened. 没人确切知道这起事故是怎么发生的。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
occur发生(较正式)occur 偏书面正式,且可指有计划的事也指偶发;happen 更口语,且强调偶发、意外——earthquakes occur vs it just happenedThe accident occurred at 8 p.m.
take place发生;举行(有计划)take place 多指有预期、有组织的事件,happen 强调无计划——The concert took place vs It happened suddenlyThe ceremony takes place on Friday.
come about发生;产生come about 带有”是怎么来的”的追溯语气——How did it come about? 比 how did it happen? 更追问过程How did the idea come about?
arise出现;发生(问题/机会)arise 多指抽象事物(问题、机会)的出现,happen 更通用Problems arose during the project.

反义plan · cause · prevent

Aaron 易错点

  • happen to sb(某人身上发生了事):What happened to you?——不是 What happened for you?
  • happen to do(碰巧做了某事):I happened to meet her in the library.(碰巧碰到)
  • happen 不用被动语态,没有 It was happened——happen 本身已是不及物

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 不及物动词 Intransitive Verbs


understand · 理解(逻辑/含义);懂得;被告知

v · 链接度 11 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:know the meaning or reason for something; grasp logically or emotionally

I finally understood why the equation didn’t balance. 我终于明白了这个等式为什么不成立。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
know知道(事实)know 是”知道一个事实”,understand 是”懂得其中道理/逻辑”——I know the answer(知道答案)/ I understand the reason(明白原因)know the name · understand the concept
grasp领会;抓住要点grasp 含”主动努力才抓住”的意味,understand 是通用词——grasp the idea 比 understand the idea 更强调努力grasp the main point
comprehend理解(书面)comprehend 比 understand 更正式书面,多用于学术或阅读理解——reading comprehensionfully comprehend the text
realize意识到;领悟realize 是”突然意识到”,understand 是”持续地懂”——I realized it was wrong(突然顿悟)realize a mistake · understand a rule

反义misunderstand · confuse · overlook

Aaron 易错点

  • understand vs know:know 我知道她的名字,understand 我明白她为什么这么做——知道事实 vs 懂得道理
  • understand 不用进行时:❌ I am understanding it. ✅ I understand it now.
  • make yourself understood = 让别人听懂自己(被动用法固定)
  • understand 不规则感:understand → understood → understood(三态后两同)

出现在宾语从句 Object Clauses · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs


ask · 问;请求;邀请

v · 链接度 10 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:put a question to someone; make a request; invite

He raised his hand and asked the teacher a question about Mars. 他举起手,问老师一个关于火星的问题。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
request请求(书面/正式)request 比 ask 更正式礼貌——May I request your assistance?(公文)vs Can I ask for help?(口语)request a refund · ask for help
inquire询问;调查(正式)inquire 是书面正式用词,多用于官方调查或正式问询——inquire about a flight vs ask about a flightinquire about the price
question质疑;盘问question sb = 盘问某人(带怀疑态度),ask 是中性的”问”question a suspect
query质询;提问query 含轻微”怀疑是否正确”的语气,ask 是单纯的问query an invoice

反义answer · reply · respond · tell

Aaron 易错点

  • ask sb sth(问某人某事):ask me a question;ask sb to do(让某人做):ask her to come
  • ask for sth(索要某物):ask for water——不是 ask water
  • ask vs request 礼貌度:ask(正常)→ request(更礼貌)→ beg(恳求)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses · 间接引语 Reported Speech · 不定式 Infinitives


let · 让;允许;(出租房屋)

v · 链接度 10 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:allow someone to do something; cause to happen; rent out a property

Let the music carry you to another world. 让音乐把你带入另一个世界。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
allow允许(正式)let sb do(不带 to)口语简洁,allow sb to do(带 to)正式——两者都是”许可”但句型相反let him go · allow him to go
permit许可(正式书面)permit 是官方正式许可,let 是口语随意许可——permit filming vs let us filmpermit entry · let sb in
make使;让(强制)make sb do(强制让人做)是强迫,let sb do 是允许——make him cry(让他哭了)vs let him cry(任他哭)make sb work · let sb rest
have使;让(安排)have sb do(安排/指使做)语气介于 make 和 let 之间——have him fix it(叫他修)have sb do sth

反义forbid · prevent · stop · block

Aaron 易错点

  • let sb do(不带 to):❌ let me to go / ✅ let me go——let 后面跟动词原形,不加 to
  • let vs allow vs make 三词战:let(许可,do)/ allow(许可,to do)/ make(强制,do)
  • Let’s = Let us(祈使句邀请):Let’s go!(我们走吧)——不是「让我们」的字面直译
  • let 不规则:let → let → let(三态同形)

习语

  • Let’s go! = 走吧!
  • let sb down = 让某人失望
  • let it go = 算了;放手

出现在不定式 Infinitives · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 祈使句 Imperative


receive · 收到;接受;接待

v · 链接度 10 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:get something that is sent, given, or offered; welcome someone

She received a letter from her pen pal in Australia. 她收到了澳大利亚笔友寄来的一封信。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
get得到(口语)get 是口语万能词,receive 更正式——I got a gift(口语)/ I received an award(正式)get a message · receive a medal
obtain获得(通过努力)obtain 强调”经过努力或程序才得到”,receive 是被动得到——obtain a certificate vs receive a giftobtain permission · receive news
accept接受(主动认可)receive 是物理上收到,accept 是心理上接受——you can receive a gift but not accept it(收到但拒绝)accept an apology · receive a package
collect收集;领取collect 是去某处”取”,receive 是”被送到”——collect your order vs receive your deliverycollect a parcel · receive a letter

反义send · give · refuse · reject

Aaron 易错点

  • receive 拼写:r-e-c-e-i-v-e,遵循 i before e except after c 规则——receIVE(✓)
  • receive vs accept:receive = 物理收到,accept = 心理接受——You must receive AND accept the offer.
  • receive sb = 接待某人:The president received the guests.(正式接待)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 被动语态 Passive Voice · 现在完成时 Present Perfect


continue · 继续;延续;恢复(中断后)

v · 链接度 9 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:keep doing something without stopping; go on after a pause

Despite the rain, they continued playing football in the yard. 尽管下着雨,他们还是继续在院子里踢球。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
keep继续;保持(口语)keep + Ving 是口语,continue + Ving/to do 更正式——keep going vs continue movingkeep walking · continue the journey
go on继续;发生(短语)go on + Ving = 继续做同一件事,go on to do = 接着做下一件——go on reading vs go on to read another bookgo on talking
proceed继续前进;着手(正式)proceed 是书面正式用词,多用于步骤说明或官方语境——proceed to the next stepproceed with caution
persist坚持;持续(不放弃)persist 含”尽管有困难仍坚持”的顽强意味,continue 是中性的”持续”persist in one's efforts

反义stop · quit · abandon · pause

Aaron 易错点

  • continue + Ving 或 continue + to do 都对,但意思微妙不同:continue doing(一直在做)/ continue to do(恢复做)
  • ❌ continue to playing / ✅ continue playing 或 continue to play
  • continued(形容词)= 持续的,continuing(形容词)= 正在持续——a continued effort vs a continuing story

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 一般过去时 Simple Past


east · 东;东方;东部;向东

n/adj/adv · 链接度 9 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:the direction where the sun rises; a region in that direction

The Great Wall stretches from east to west across northern China. 长城从东向西横贯中国北方。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
oriental东方的(文化/风格)oriental 是文化/风格意义上的”东方”,带历史/美学色彩,east 是纯方位词——oriental food vs go eastoriental art
eastern东部的;东方的(形容词)eastern 是 east 的形容词形式,修饰地区——eastern China vs east(名词/副词)eastern Europe
sunrise日出方向(意象)sunrise 是”日出”的画面,east 是方位抽象概念——head east / watch the sunriseface east to see the sunrise

反义west

Aaron 易错点

  • East(大写)= 地名专有名词,east(小写)= 方位词:the Middle East vs go east
  • east / eastern 区分:east side(东边)是名词,eastern side 是形容词修饰
  • the East = 东方(文化地理);East Asia = 东亚(地区专名)

出现在名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions


i · 我(主格人称代词)

pron · 链接度 9 · CEFR A1-A2 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:the subject pronoun used by the speaker to refer to themselves

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up. 我有一个梦想,有一天这个国家将会崛起。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
me我(宾格)I 是主格(做主语),me 是宾格(做宾语)——I love music / Music helps me relaxI speak · tell me
myself我自己(反身代词)myself 用于强调或反身动作——I did it myself(我亲自做的)/ I hurt myselfI made it myself.
we我们(第一人称复数)I 是单数自我,we 是包含说话者的复数——I can’t do it alone; we can do it together.I think · we believe

反义you · they · he · she

Aaron 易错点

  • I 永远大写:❌ i went to school / ✅ I went to school——这是英语最基本的拼写规则,没有例外
  • I vs me:主语用 I,宾语用 me:❌ Me and Tom went / ✅ Tom and I went;❌ between you and I / ✅ between you and me
  • Tom and I(主语)vs Tom and me(宾语):Give it to Tom and me.(✓)Tom and I did it.(✓)
  • 强调时可用 I myself:I myself don’t believe it.(我自己都不信)

出现在人称代词 Personal Pronouns · 主格与宾格 Nominative & Objective Case · 一般现在时 Simple Present


travel · 旅行;传播(光/声);旅途

v/n · 链接度 9 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:go from one place to another; move a long distance; a journey

She dreams of travelling around the world before she turns thirty. 她梦想在三十岁前环游世界。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
journey旅程;路途journey 是名词,指一段有始有终的路程;travel 是动词/名词,更泛指”旅行”这件事a long journey · love to travel
trip短途旅行trip 是具体的一次短途出行,travel 更广义——a day trip vs I love travela school trip · travel abroad
voyage航海旅行;太空旅行voyage 特指海上或太空的长途旅行,travel 通用——a voyage across the oceanvoyage to the moon
tour巡游;参观tour 是有路线的参观游览,travel 是更自由的旅行——a tour of the museum vs travel freelya city tour · travel by train

反义stay · remain · settle

Aaron 易错点

  • travel to + 地点:travel to Japan,不说 travel Japan(不加 to 是美式较非正式)
  • 拼写:英式 travelling(双写 l),美式 traveling(单写 l)——KET 考英式
  • travel light = 轻装出行(固定搭配,不是「旅行轻便」的直译)

习语

  • travel light = 轻装上阵
  • travel far and wide = 走遍天下

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 一般过去时 Simple Past


west · 西;西方;西部;向西

n/adj/adv · 链接度 9 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:the direction where the sun sets; a region in that direction

The sun sets in the west, painting the sky orange and red. 太阳在西方落下,将天空染成橙红色。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
western西部的;西方的(形容词)western 是 west 的形容词形式——western culture vs head west(副词方向)western music · drive west
occidental西方的(文化,正式)occidental 是 oriental 的对立面,正式学术词,指西方文化——west 是日常方位词occidental philosophy
sunset日落方向(意象)sunset 是”日落”的画面,west 是方位——face west at sunsetwatch the sunset in the west

反义east

Aaron 易错点

  • West(大写)= 地名:the West(西方世界)/ the American West(美国西部)
  • go west / head west 中 west 是副词,不加 to:go west(✓)/ go to west(✗)
  • 文化语境:out West 在美国指「去西部」(牛仔/加州),the West 在政治语境指「西方国家」

出现在名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions


fail · 失败;不及格;辜负

v/n · 链接度 8 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:not succeed; not reach the required standard; let someone down

He failed the exam but promised himself he would try again. 他考试没过,却暗暗发誓要卷土重来。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
lose输掉;失去fail 强调达不到标准,lose 强调比赛或竞争中落败fail a test · lose a match
miss错过;未中miss 是某次具体机会溜走,fail 是系统性未达标miss the chance · fail the course
flunk考试不及格(口语)flunk 是 fail 的口语化版本,多用于美式英语,专指考试挂科flunk math class
collapse崩溃;失败collapse 偏物理或系统性崩溃,fail 可指任何类型的失败the plan collapsed

反义pass · succeed · achieve

Aaron 易错点

  • fail + to do(未能做某事):He failed to finish the project——不是 fail doing
  • fail an exam(考试不及格)vs fail in sth(在某方面失败)——两种结构都正确,语感不同
  • failure 是名词:end in failure / a total failure——不能说 a fail(作名词时偏口语)
  • without fail(固定搭配)= 必定,毫无例外:He calls every Sunday without fail.

习语

  • without fail = 必定;毫无例外
  • fail-safe = 失效保护的;万无一失的

出现在不定式 Infinitives · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect


almost · 几乎;差不多;将近

adv · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:very close to but not quite; not entirely

It was almost midnight when she finally closed her book. 她终于合上书时,夜已将近子时。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
nearly几乎;差一点almost 和 nearly 基本可互换,但 nearly 稍更口语;almost 更常见于美式英语nearly finished · almost done
approximately大约;近似地approximately 强调数值上的近似,almost 强调”差一点就到达了”的感觉approximately 100 people
virtually实际上;几乎完全virtually 含”实质上等同于”的意味,比 almost 更书面,带”虽未名义到达但实际上等于”virtually impossible
barely几乎不;勉强barely 是”勉强够到”,almost 是”差一点就到”——方向相反,almost 往上够,barely 往下勉强barely enough time

反义completely · entirely · fully

Aaron 易错点

  • almost never = 几乎从不(不是「almost」单独加否定词):He almost never lies.
  • ❌ almost all of students ✅ almost all (of) the students——almost 修饰 all,不直接修饰名词
  • hardly ≠ almost:hardly = 几乎不(负面);almost = 几乎(正面接近)——I almost finished(差点完成)vs I hardly finished(勉强完成)
  • almost 不修饰单独的形容词,用 nearly:nearly perfect(对)/ almost perfect(较少见,但在非正式情境也可用)

出现在副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 否定句 Negation · 频率副词 Frequency Adverbs


enjoy · 享受;喜爱;乐在其中

v · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:take pleasure in; have the benefit of something good

She enjoys reading by the window on rainy afternoons. 她爱在雨天的午后靠窗读书,那是她的小享受。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
like喜欢like 是”喜欢”的中性词,enjoy 含主动投入、当下沉浸的意味——enjoy 暗示你正深在其中like music · enjoy the moment
love热爱love 是更强烈的情感依附,enjoy 偏向实际体验中的愉悦感love reading · enjoy a meal
relish津津有味地享用relish 强调”品味”的过程——细细品尝,带有满足感,比 enjoy 更文雅relish every bite
appreciate欣赏;感激appreciate 有”懂得价值”的含义,enjoy 是直接快感,appreciate 多了一层理性认知appreciate good art

反义dislike · hate · suffer

Aaron 易错点

  • enjoy 只接 Ving,不接 to do:❌ enjoy to swim ✅ enjoy swimming
  • enjoy yourself = 好好玩(固定反身代词搭配):Enjoy yourself at the party!
  • ❌ I enjoy very much this. ✅ I enjoy this very much.(副词位置应在句末或动词后)
  • enjoyable 修饰事(活动令人愉快),enjoyment 是名词,不要混淆词性

习语

  • enjoy yourself = 好好享受;玩得开心
  • enjoy the view = 欣赏风景(常见场景搭配)

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


further · 更远(抽象);进一步;更多;推进(v.)

adv/adj/v · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:to a greater distance or degree; additional; to help something progress

She wanted to study further before making a decision. 她想再深入研究一番,再做决定。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
farther更远(物理距离)farther 专指物理空间上更远;further 既可指物理,也可指程度/抽象上的”更进一步”——KET 常考此区别farther from home · go further in life
additionally此外;另外additionally 是连接词功能,further 可作副词表”此外”时语气更简洁furthermore · additionally
advance推进;进步further 作动词时与 advance 近义,但 advance 更强调向前推进,further 强调扩展深化advance a plan · further one's career
extend延伸;扩展extend 强调空间/时间上的延长,further 强调程度上的深化extend the deadline

反义closer · near · back

Aaron 易错点

  • further vs farther:物理距离两者均可;抽象含义(进一步、更多)只能用 further:❌ farther discussion ✅ further discussion
  • further 还可作动词:further your studies = 深造——此时不可换 farther
  • further more(副词连接)= 况且,是正式写作常用过渡词,不要写成两个单词 further more(应写 furthermore)
  • without further ado(固定短语)= 不再废话,直接——是演讲/作文中的地道衔接

出现在比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 不定式 Infinitives


much · 很多(不可数);非常;大量

det/pron/adv · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:a large amount; to a great degree

There isn’t much time left before the train arrives. 火车进站前没剩多少时间了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
many很多(可数)much 修饰不可数名词,many 修饰可数名词——这是 Aaron 最高频踩坑much water · many cups
a lot of大量(不可数/可数均可)a lot of 可修饰不可数和可数,口语化;much/many 偏正式,且疑问/否定句中更常见a lot of time · a lot of friends
plenty of足够多;充裕的plenty of 含”绰绰有余”的正面充足感,much 只是描述量大,无此感情色彩plenty of food · plenty of room
greatly非常;大大地much 修饰动词时 = greatly(much improved / greatly improved),但 much 更口语much better · greatly improved

反义little · few · barely

Aaron 易错点

  • much 修饰不可数,many 修饰可数:❌ much books ✅ many books / ❌ many water ✅ much water
  • 口语肯定句通常不用 much/many,而用 a lot of:❌ I have much homework(听起来生硬)✅ I have a lot of homework
  • much 修饰形容词/副词的比较级:much better / much taller——不可换成 very:❌ very better ✅ much better
  • how much(不可数量/价格)vs how many(可数数量)——购物场景必考

出现在名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 疑问句 Question Forms · 量词 Quantifiers


now · 现在;立刻;既然(conj.)

adv/conj/n · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:at the present time; immediately; because or since (used as a conjunction)

Now that the storm has passed, we can finally go outside. 既然风暴已经过去,我们终于可以出门了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
currently目前;当前currently 是书面/正式版”现在”,now 更口语直接currently working on · now available
immediately立即;马上immediately 强调”毫不迟延”,now 也有此义但更口语,immediately 语气更强硬Come immediately! · Do it now!
at present目前;当下at present 是正式书面替代词,语气比 now 更正式客观at present, the situation is stable
today今天;当今today 是”今天”的时间范围,now 是”此刻”的时间点,精度不同today's news · happening right now

反义then · later · before

Aaron 易错点

  • now that(既然……)是连词短语:Now that you’re here, let’s begin——不是时间状语,是原因从句
  • right now = 就在此刻(强调紧迫):Come here right now!(命令)/ I’m doing it right now.(正在进行)
  • now and then / now and again = 偶尔(固定搭配)——不是「现在和那时」
  • for now = 暂时(固定短语):That’s enough for now.(目前这就够了)

习语

  • right now = 就在此刻;马上
  • now and then = 偶尔;有时
  • now that = 既然(连词)

出现在时间副词 Time Adverbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 条件从句 Conditional Clauses


very · 非常;很;正是这个(adj. 强调用)

adv/adj · 链接度 7 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:to a high degree; used to emphasize a noun when used as adjective

That is the very book I was looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
extremely极其;极度extremely 比 very 语气更强,语体更正式;很多情况两者可互换,但考试作文用 extremely 加分extremely important · very nice
quite相当;颇为quite 语气比 very 弱,表示”相当”而非”非常”;英式 quite + adj = fairly;美式 quite 有时等同 veryquite good · very good
really真的;非常(口语)really 是 very 的口语化替代,更随意,also 可修饰动词(I really like it)而 very 不能修饰动词really happy · ~~very like~~(错)
absolutely绝对地;完全地absolutely 多用于绝对化形容词前(absolutely perfect/wrong),不能用 very 替代absolutely perfect · ~~very perfect~~(错)

反义slightly · barely · hardly

Aaron 易错点

  • very 不能修饰动词:❌ I very like it ✅ I really like it / I like it very much
  • very 不能修饰比较级:❌ very better ✅ much better / far better
  • very 作形容词强调”正是”:the very same thing(同一件事)——此用法 Aaron 常忽略
  • 不可修饰绝对化形容词:❌ very perfect / very unique ✅ absolutely perfect / truly unique

出现在副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives


earn · 挣得;赚取;赢得(尊重/信任等)

v · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:get money by working; get something by effort or deserving it

She earned the team’s respect by staying calm when everything went wrong. 局势失控时她依然沉着,因此赢得了整个团队的信任。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
make挣(钱)make money 是最口语的”挣钱”,earn 更强调通过劳动或功劳获得,earn 还可接抽象名词如 earn respectmake money · earn a living
gain获得;得到gain 强调取得原本没有的东西,偏正面积累;earn 强调凭实力或付出获得gain experience · earn a degree
win赢得;获胜win 多指比赛竞争中的胜出,earn 多指通过持续努力得到win the prize · earn the title
deserve应得;值得deserve 是”应该得到”(情理上),earn 是”实际通过努力得到了”,两者可合用:he earned what he deserveddeserve a break · earn praise

反义lose · spend · waste

Aaron 易错点

  • earn a living(固定搭配)= 谋生——不说 earn a life
  • earn vs win:earn 不用于比赛;❌ earn the match ✅ win the match / earn the right to compete
  • earning(s) 作名词:monthly earnings(月收入),注意常用复数形式
  • earn one’s keep = 付出劳动换取食宿(固定成语),KET 阅读可能出现

习语

  • earn a living = 谋生;维持生计
  • earn one’s keep = 用劳动换取生活所需

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 动词搭配 Verb Collocations


eat · 吃;进食

v · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:put food into the mouth and swallow it; have a meal

She ate a whole bowl of noodles without saying a word. 她一声不吭地把一整碗面条吃了个精光。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
have吃(口语替代)have breakfast/lunch/dinner 是英语中”吃饭”最自然的口语表达,eat 更强调动作本身have lunch · eat quickly
consume消耗;摄入consume 是正式/学术用词,偏书面;日常说”吃”用 eat,说”进食量”才用 consumeconsume calories · eat a snack
devour狼吞虎咽;大口吃devour 含贪婪、迅速的意象——是 eat 的戏剧化升级,书面或文学场景多用devoured the whole cake
taste品尝taste 强调感受食物的味道,eat 强调吃的动作;taste 不等于 eattaste the soup · eat the soup

反义fast · starve

Aaron 易错点

  • eat 不规则:eat → ate → eaten,不是 eated
  • eat out = 在外面吃饭(固定短语);eat in = 在家吃——KET 情景对话高频
  • have breakfast/lunch/dinner 比 eat breakfast 更地道——考试写作两者均可但 have 更口语自然
  • eat up(吃光)固定短语:Eat up your vegetables!(把蔬菜吃干净)

习语

  • eat out = 外出就餐
  • eat up = 吃光;把……全吃完
  • eat one’s words = 收回前言;认错

出现在不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 祈使句 Imperative


remember · 记得;记住;想起;记得去做(+to do)

v · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:keep in mind; recall something from the past; not forget to do something

I remember locking the door, but I can’t remember where I put the key. 我记得我锁了门,但想不起来把钥匙放哪了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
recall回想起;记起recall 更正式,强调主动从记忆中检索,remember 更口语;两者接宾语时基本相似recall the details · remember the day
recollect回忆;记起recollect 偏书面,含有”努力回想”的意味,常用于模糊记忆场景recollect an old friend's face
memorize记忆;背下来memorize 是主动记住(背单词),remember 是保持记忆或回想起——方向不同memorize vocabulary · remember a face
remind提醒remind 是让别人想起(外部触发),remember 是自己想起(内部检索)remind me to buy milk · remember to call

反义forget · overlook · miss

Aaron 易错点

  • remember + to do(要记得去做,动作未发生)vs remember + doing(记得做过,动作已发生):Remember to lock the door!(出门时记得锁!)/ I remember locking it.(我记得我锁了。)
  • forget 的同款陷阱:forget to do(忘了去做)/ forget doing(忘记做过)——与 remember 完全对称
  • ❌ I remember to go there when I was small. ✅ I remember going there when I was small.(过去的经历用 doing)
  • remember sb to sb(转达问候):Remember me to your parents.(代我向父母问好)——固定搭配,不是「记住你的父母」

习语

  • as far as I remember = 就我所记得的
  • if I remember correctly = 如果我没记错的话

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses


sing · 唱歌;演唱

v · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:make music with the voice; perform a song

She sang so beautifully that the whole room fell silent. 她唱得如此动人,满屋子的人都静了下来。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
hum哼唱;哼曲子hum 是闭嘴哼歌(不唱词),sing 是开口演唱,两者动作不同hum a tune · sing a song
chant吟唱;颂唱chant 有重复性、仪式感,偏宗教或群体呼号;sing 是一般性唱歌chant a prayer · sing happily
perform表演;演出perform 更广泛,包含唱歌、跳舞等所有舞台表现,sing 专指声乐perform a song · sing on stage
croon低声柔唱croon 是轻柔低沉的演唱,常带温柔或忧郁感,是 sing 的一种风格croon a lullaby

反义silence · mute

Aaron 易错点

  • sing 不规则:sing → sang → sung,不是 singed
  • singer 是名词(歌手),singing 是动名词/形容词(sing + ing),不要把 singer 拼成 signer
  • sing along = 跟着唱(固定短语):We all sang along to the song.(我们都跟着唱)
  • sing a song(唱一首歌)固定搭配——不说 sing a music

习语

  • sing along = 跟唱;一起唱
  • sing one’s praises = 大加赞扬某人

出现在不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


sit · 坐;坐下;参加(考试)

v · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:rest on the lower part of the body; be seated; take an exam

He sat by the window and watched the rain run down the glass. 他坐在窗边,看着雨水顺着玻璃流下去。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
seat使坐下;座位(n.)sit 是不及物动词(自己坐),seat 作动词是及物(帮别人安排座位)或名词(座位)sit down · seat the guests
settle安定下来;安坐settle 含”稳稳地坐定”的意味,比 sit 更强调安心状态或过程settle into the sofa
perch栖息;高坐perch 原指鸟类栖息,引申为不稳定地坐在高处,带轻盈或临时感perch on a stool
squat蹲坐;蹲下squat 是蹲坐姿势,不同于坐椅子的 sitsquat on the ground

反义stand · rise · get up

Aaron 易错点

  • sit 不规则:sit → sat → sat,不是 sitted
  • sit down(坐下动作)vs be seated(已就座状态):Please sit down.(请坐)/ Please be seated.(正式请坐)
  • sit an exam(英式)= take an exam(美式)= 参加考试——KET 考英式,两种都认
  • sit for(为……摆姿势)vs sit in on(旁听)——两个短语动词含义完全不同

习语

  • sit down = 坐下
  • sit back and relax = 放轻松,坐下来好好休息
  • sit tight = 耐心等待;按兵不动

出现在不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 祈使句 Imperative


suggest · 建议;暗示;提出

v · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:put forward an idea for consideration; indicate indirectly

She suggested taking a different route to avoid the traffic. 她建议换条路走,绕开堵车路段。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
recommend推荐;建议recommend 语气比 suggest 更强,有”我保证这个好”的背书含义;suggest 更中性recommend a book · suggest an idea
propose提议;求婚propose 更正式,常用于会议/计划,也有”求婚”义;suggest 更日常口语propose a plan · suggest a solution
advise劝告;忠告advise 含”基于经验的忠告”,带权威感;suggest 只是中性提出可能性advise caution · suggest trying
imply暗示;含蓄表达suggest 可指”间接暗示”(同 imply),此时含义接近,但 suggest 更常用于明确建议suggest a problem · imply dissatisfaction

反义demand · order · forbid

Aaron 易错点

  • suggest + Ving(建议做),不接 to do:❌ suggest to go ✅ suggest going / suggest (that) we go
  • suggest that + 虚拟语气(正式):I suggest that he be more careful.(美式虚拟,be 不变形)
  • suggest 不能直接接人作宾语:❌ I suggest you(无意义)✅ I suggest that you… / I suggest Ving
  • suggestion 是名词:make a suggestion(提建议)——固定搭配 make,不用 do/give

习语

  • as suggested = 按照建议
  • make a suggestion = 提出建议

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood · 宾语从句 Object Clauses


write · 写;写作;写信

v · 链接度 6 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:form letters or words with a pen; compose text; communicate in writing

She writes to her grandmother every week, always by hand. 她每周都给奶奶写信,从来都是手写。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
compose创作;撰写compose 更正式,指用心创作(音乐/文章),write 是日常动作,含义更广compose a poem · write a letter
draft起草;草拟draft 强调”初稿、草稿”阶段,write 泛指所有书写行为draft a report · write a message
type打字;键入type 特指用键盘输入,write 特指手写或泛指书面创作type an email · write in a notebook
note记下;记录note(down)强调简短记录要点,write 是完整书写行为note down the address · write an essay

反义read · erase · delete

Aaron 易错点

  • write 不规则:write → wrote → written,不是 writed
  • write to sb(写信给某人)vs write sb(美式,写信给某人)——两种都对,KET 考英式常见 write to
  • write down(写下来)固定短语:Write down the answers.——别漏掉 down
  • 写作类:write a story / write an essay / write a diary(日记)——注意搭配,不是 write a composition(老式说法)

习语

  • write down = 写下;记下
  • write back = 回信
  • in writing = 以书面形式

出现在不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 介词 Prepositions


enough · 足够的;足够地;充分的

det/pron/adv · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:as much or as many as needed; to the required degree

She was brave enough to speak up when no one else would. 她足够勇敢,在没人敢开口的时候说出了心里话。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
sufficient足够的(正式)sufficient 是书面/正式版 enough,意思完全相同,但不用于口语sufficient evidence · enough time
adequate足够的;适当的adequate 含”勉强够用”的语气,比 enough 稍显勉强;enough 更中性adequate sleep · enough rest
plenty充足;大量plenty 含”绰绰有余”(略多),enough 只是”正好够”,没有多余plenty of time · just enough
satisfactory令人满意的;达标的satisfactory 是评价性词汇(令人满意),enough 是描述量/程度的词a satisfactory result · good enough

反义insufficient · lacking · too little

Aaron 易错点

  • enough 的位置陷阱:修饰形容词/副词时在后(adj + enough);修饰名词时在前(enough + n):tall enough / enough money——不能反过来
  • enough to do(足够……去做):She’s old enough to travel alone.——不是 enough for travel
  • not … enough(不够……)vs too …(太……):not fast enough(不够快)vs too slow(太慢)——意思相近,但结构不同
  • enough 作代词独立使用:That’s enough.(够了)/ Enough!(够了,住手!)

出现在副词修饰语 Adverbs & Modifiers · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 不定式 Infinitives · 量词 Quantifiers


hear · 听见(被动结果);得知;听取

v · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:receive sound through the ears without trying; be told or informed

Did you hear that? Someone is knocking at the door. 你听见了吗?有人在敲门。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
listen听(主动行为)hear 是被动”听见”(声音自然传来),listen 是主动”聆听”(有意识地专注)——与 see vs look 完全同构hear a noise · listen to music
overhear无意中听到;偷听overhear 是无意听到他人对话,hear 是一般听见,overhear 带”偷听/意外听到”意味overhear a conversation
perceive感知;察觉perceive 是心理/感知层面的意识到,hear 是生理层面的听到,两者深度不同perceive a sound · hear a voice
learn得知;听说hear of/about = 得知某事,此时 hear 与 learn(得知)近义,但 hear 更口语hear about the news · learn of an event

反义ignore · mishear · deafen

Aaron 易错点

  • hear vs listen:hear 被动,listen 主动——I heard the music(音乐传入耳中)/ I listened to the music(我专心听音乐)
  • hear 不能持续进行时表「听见」:❌ I am hearing you ✅ I can hear you(借助情态动词)
  • hear from sb(收到某人消息)vs hear about sth(听说某事)vs hear of sb(知道某人存在)——三个介词三种意思
  • hear 不规则:hear → heard → heard,发音 /hɜːd/,不是 /hɪərd/

习语

  • hear from sb = 收到某人来信/消息
  • hear of = 听说过(某人/某事存在)
  • I won’t hear of it = 我绝对不同意

出现在感官动词 Sensory Verbs · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past


lose · 失去;迷路;输掉;亏损

v · 链接度 5 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:no longer have; be unable to find; fail to win; have less money

He lost his wallet on the way home, but found it on the doorstep. 他回家路上丢了钱包,却在门槛上找到了它。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
miss错过;找不到miss 是”没赶上”或”没看到”,lose 是”本来有、现在没了”,两者角度不同miss the bus · lose the keys
fail失败;没通过fail 是未达到标准,lose 是在竞争中落败或失去所有;lose a game 而非 fail a gamelose the match · fail the test
misplace错放;找不到(放错地方)misplace 是”放错了地方暂时找不到”,lose 是”彻底丢了”misplace the remote · lose a book
forfeit被迫放弃;没收forfeit 是因违规或惩罚而被迫失去,lose 是自然状态的失去forfeit the match

反义find · gain · win · keep

Aaron 易错点

  • lose 不规则:lose → lost → lost,不是 losed
  • lose(输/失去)vs loose(adj. 松的)——拼写陷阱,发音不同:lose /luːz/ / loose /luːs/
  • get lost = 迷路(固定短语):We got lost in the forest.——不是 lose the way(虽意思近但不地道)
  • lose vs miss:lose your phone(手机不见了)vs miss the train(没赶上火车),场景不要混

习语

  • get lost = 迷路;走丢
  • lose one’s mind = 失去理智
  • lose track of = 失去联系;忘了(时间/进度)

出现在不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在完成时 Present Perfect


become · 变成;成为;开始变得

v · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:begin to be; change to a different state; come to be

He became so good at chess that he started teaching other kids. 他棋艺越来越精,最终开始教其他孩子下棋了。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
get变得(口语)get + adj 是口语化的”变得”,become 更正式、书面;两者常可互换但 become 更稳健get tired · become tired
turn变成(突然变化)turn 强调状态突然转变,常与颜色/性质改变搭配;become 是渐进性变化turn red · become famous
grow逐渐变得grow 强调缓慢的增长或变化过程,比 become 更强调渐进grow older · become wiser
turn into变成(转化)turn into 强调从一种形态彻底转变为另一种,become 偏描述身份/状态turn into a butterfly · become a doctor

反义remain · stay · continue

Aaron 易错点

  • become 不规则:become → became → become,不是 becomed;过去式 became
  • become + 名词(成为)vs become + 形容词(变得):become a teacher / become tired——两种结构都对
  • become vs get:比较级变化用 get:it’s getting colder(不是 becoming colder,虽然也对但较少用)
  • what has become of sb? = 某人后来怎样了?(固定问句)

习语

  • become of = 某人/事的结局(What became of him?)
  • what has become of = 不知……后来怎样了

出现在不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 连系动词 Linking Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past


believe · 相信;认为;信仰

v · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:accept as true; think or suppose; have religious faith

She believed in herself when nobody else did. 没有人信她,她却始终相信自己。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
trust信任;依赖believe 是”相信内容为真”,trust 是”信任一个人/系统的可靠性”——believe 关乎命题真假,trust 关乎关系可靠believe the story · trust a friend
accept接受(为真)accept 有”认可、接受为事实”的意味,比 believe 更主动,常用于证据/说法场景accept the explanation · believe the claim
suppose猜想;假设suppose 是”不确定的推测”,believe 是”较有把握的相信”——suppose 不确定性更高I suppose so · I believe so
think认为;觉得think 是一般性”认为”,believe 含更深的确信和情感投入I think it's right · I believe it's right

反义doubt · disbelieve · mistrust

Aaron 易错点

  • believe vs trust:believe in sb = 相信某人的能力/价值(情感支持);trust sb = 信任某人做某件事(可靠性判断)
  • believe 不用进行时:❌ I am believing you ✅ I believe you
  • believe in(信仰/相信存在)vs believe(相信内容):believe in God(信神存在)/ believe the story(相信内容)
  • I can’t believe it! 固定感叹语——表示震惊,不是「无法相信」的字面意思

习语

  • believe in = 信仰;相信(某事物的存在/价值)
  • make believe = 假装;角色扮演
  • I can’t believe it! = 真不敢相信!(惊叹语)

出现在宾语从句 Object Clauses · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 情态动词 Modal Verbs


choose · 选择;挑选

v · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:decide which one you want from a number of things or people

She chose the blue dress over the red one. 她选了蓝色的裙子,没要红色那件。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
decide决定decide 强调经过思考后”做决断”,choose 侧重从选项中”挑出一个”——decide 是脑子的动作,choose 是手的动作choose between two options · decide after thinking
select精选;选拔select 带”从一组候选中仔细挑出最优”的意思,比 choose 更正式、更严格select a team member
pick随意挑pick 是口语化的随意选取,不含深思熟虑——“随便挑一个”,choose 更中性pick a card, any card
opt选择(做某事)opt 多接 for 或 to do,强调主动意愿,常见于正式场合opt for the cheaper plan

反义reject · refuse · avoid

Aaron 易错点

  • choose 不规则:choose → chose → chosen,不是 choosed
  • choose 直接跟宾语,不加 for:❌ choose for the red one → ✅ choose the red one
  • choose to do(选择做某事)vs choose + 名词——后面接动词用不定式
  • choose / select / pick 三档:pick 最随意,choose 中性,select 最严格

习语

  • pick and choose = 精挑细选(口语,有时带挑剔意味)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives


decide · 决定;下决心

v · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:choose after thinking carefully; come to a conclusion

He decided to stay home and study instead of going to the party. 他决定留在家里学习,而不是去参加派对。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
choose选择choose 侧重从选项中挑,decide 侧重经思考后”拍板”——choose 是选,decide 是定decide on a plan · choose between two options
determine决心;确定determine 比 decide 更正式,含有坚定意志(I am determined = 我下定决心)determine to win
resolve决心(书面)resolve 是较书面的表达,强调意志坚定,常见于写作或演讲resolve to change

反义hesitate · waver · doubt

Aaron 易错点

  • decide to do(决定去做),不说 decide doing——decide 后接不定式,不接动名词
  • decide on sth(就某事做决定):decide on a date(定好日期)
  • ❌ I decide to go yesterday. ✅ I decided to go yesterday.(注意过去时)
  • decision 是名词(做决定),make a decision 是固定搭配,不说 do a decision

习语

  • make up one’s mind = 下定决心(= decide,口语常用)

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 宾语从句 Object Clauses


improve · 改善;提高;进步

v · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:make or become better; increase in quality or ability

Her English improved a lot after six months of practice. 苦练六个月后,她的英语进步了很多。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
develop发展;培养develop 强调”从无到有地成长”,improve 是”在已有基础上变好”develop a skill · improve a skill
enhance增强;提升enhance 比 improve 更正式,常修饰质量、价值、效果等抽象名词enhance performance
advance推进;提升advance 含”向前迈进”的方向感,improve 更通用advance technology

反义worsen · decline · deteriorate

Aaron 易错点

  • improve 不需要加 up:✅ improve / ❌ improve up(不存在这个搭配)
  • improve + 宾语(及物):improve your English;improve(不及物):My English improved.
  • improvement 是名词:make an improvement(做出改善),不说 make improve

出现在现在完成时 Present Perfect · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives


own · 拥有;属于自己的(adj.)

v/adj · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:have something as property; belonging to oneself

She finally owns her first bicycle after saving for a whole year. 攒了整整一年的钱,她终于拥有了自己的第一辆自行车。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
have有;拥有have 更泛,own 强调合法所有权——I have a pen(也许是借的)vs I own a pen(是我的)own a house · have a pen
possess拥有(正式)possess 是 own 的书面版,带有”持有”的正式法律色彩possess a driving licence
hold持有;握有hold 强调”暂时持有或掌控”,own 强调所有权hold shares in the company

反义lack · borrow · rent

Aaron 易错点

  • own 不能用进行时:❌ I am owning a car / ✅ I own a car(静态动词,不用进行时)
  • on one’s own = 独自、靠自己(固定短语):do it on your own
  • own 作形容词:my own room(我自己的房间)——own 前必须加物主代词

习语

  • on one’s own = 独自;靠自己
  • own up = 坦白承认(= confess)

出现在一般现在时 Simple Present · 名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 物主代词 Possessive Pronouns


walk · 走路;步行;散步(n.)

v/n · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:move forward by putting one foot in front of the other

We walked along the river for an hour after dinner. 晚饭后我们沿着河边走了一个小时。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
stroll闲逛;漫步stroll 是悠闲无目的地走,walk 是普通步行stroll in the park
march大步走;行军march 是整齐有力的步伐,含目的性或军事意味,walk 更中性march down the street
wander漫游;迷路wander 强调”无目的地游荡”,有时含”迷路”意味wander through the old town

反义run · stay · stop

Aaron 易错点

  • walk 后跟地点一般不用介词,但 walk to school / walk along the road 都有方向介词
  • go for a walk = 出去走走(固定短语),不说 do a walk
  • walk 和 go on foot 意思相同,但考试写作里两个都要会用

习语

  • go for a walk = 出去散步
  • walk of life = 生活各界(各行各业)

出现在现在进行时 Present Continuous · 一般过去时 Simple Past · 介词 Prepositions


will · 将(助动词);意志(n.);遗赠(v.)

aux/n/v · 链接度 4 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:(aux) used to show future action or intent; (n) determination; (v) leave to someone in a will

I will call you when I arrive. 我到了就给你打电话。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
shall将(正式/英式)shall 是英式正式将来时(I shall,we shall),will 更口语通用;现代英语中 will 基本取代 shallWe shall overcome.
be going to打算;即将be going to 强调有计划或已有迹象,will 更多是临时决定或纯粹将来I'm going to study tonight vs I will help you now.
determination决心(n.)作名词时,will 指”意志力”,determination 是其同义词(更常用)iron will · strong determination

反义refuse · won't

Aaron 易错点

  • will not 缩写是 won’t,不是 willn’t
  • will 作助动词后接动词原形:I will go(对),❌ I will going
  • 作名词时:have the will to do sth(有做某事的意志)——KET 阶段重点是助动词用法
  • will you…? = 请求(非正式):Will you open the window?(帮我开窗好吗?)

习语

  • with a will = 全力以赴
  • where there’s a will, there’s a way = 有志者事竟成

出现在一般将来时 Simple Future · 情态动词 Modal Verbs · 条件句 Conditional Sentences


except · 除了;除……之外

prep/conj/v · 链接度 3 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · KET

英文定义:not including; apart from; other than

Everyone passed the test except Tom. 除了 Tom 之外,大家都通过了考试。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
besides除……之外(还有)besides 是”此外还有”(加法),except 是”排除掉”(减法)——完全相反方向besides Tom, everyone passed vs except Tom, everyone passed
apart from除……之外apart from 既可以是加法也可以是减法,语义比 except 更灵活apart from the rain, it was a great day
but除了(= except,口语)but 用作介词时等于 except,多见于 nobody/nothing/all/any 等后面everyone but me

反义include · plus

Aaron 易错点

  • except vs besides 方向相反:except 排除,besides 额外加——这是 KET 最常考的混淆
  • except for(排除局部例外)vs except(直接排除):The cake was perfect except for the icing.
  • except 后接代词用宾格:except me / except him,不用主格

出现在介词 Prepositions · 否定句 Negation · 代词 Pronouns


forget · 忘记;忘带;忘掉

v · 链接度 3 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:fail to remember; not bring something by mistake

Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you leave. 离开前别忘了关灯。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
overlook忽略;漏看overlook 是没注意到某件事,forget 是本来知道但想不起来overlook a detail
neglect忽视;疏忽neglect 含有”本该做却没做”的责任感,forget 是纯粹记性问题neglect one's duties
slip one’s mind从脑中溜走(= forget,口语)口语固定短语,强调不是故意忘的It completely slipped my mind.

反义remember · recall · recollect

Aaron 易错点

  • forget to do(忘了要去做——还没做)vs forget doing(忘了做过——已经做了):I forgot to lock the door(忘锁了)/ I forgot locking the door(忘记了我锁过这件事)
  • forget 不规则:forget → forgot → forgotten
  • ❌ I forget my homework at home. ✅ I forgot / left my homework at home.(「忘带」用 leave 更地道)
  • 同 remember 系:remember to do(记得要做)/ remember doing(记得做过)——四种用法一起背

习语

  • forget it = 算了吧;没事的(口语)
  • not to mention = 更别提(表递进,非「忘提」)

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 一般过去时 Simple Past


here · 在这里;这里(n.);喏(感叹词)

adv/n/interj · 链接度 3 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:in, at, or to this place or position

Here is your order—one hot chocolate and one slice of cake. 您点的来了——一杯热巧克力,一块蛋糕。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
there在那里here 是说话者所在位置,there 是远离说话者的位置——近/远对立Come here vs Go there.
present在场;此处present 是正式书面词(He was present at the meeting),here 口语通用Is everyone present?
around here这附近around here 范围比 here 更模糊,指”这一带”Is there a café around here?

反义there · away · elsewhere

Aaron 易错点

  • here 放句首时引起倒装:Here is your bag.(注意 is 不是 are,主语是 bag)
  • Here you are. = 给你(递东西时)——不是「你在这里」
  • here 不能修饰名词:❌ the here shop → ✅ the shop here(副词,只能后置修饰)
  • hear(听)vs here(这里):发音相同,拼写不同——KET 阅读易混

出现在副词 Adverbs · 倒装句 Inversion · 介词 Prepositions


listen · 听;倾听(主动)

v · 链接度 3 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:make an effort to hear something; pay attention to a sound

Listen carefully—I’ll only say this once. 仔细听——我只说一遍。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
hear听见(被动结果)listen 是主动行为(竖起耳朵),hear 是被动结果(声音进入耳朵)——和 look/see 一组平行I was listening but didn't hear the question.
pay attention注意;留心pay attention 比 listen 更泛,也包括视觉和思维,listen 专指听觉pay attention in class
attend to专心处理;聆听attend to 是正式书面词,含”照料”或”专注处理”的意思attend to the details

反义ignore · talk · speak

Aaron 易错点

  • listen 必须加 to 才能接对象:listen to music(对),❌ listen music
  • listen vs hear:❌ Please hear me carefully. ✅ Please listen to me carefully.(主动倾听用 listen)
  • Listen! 单独用作祈使句,提醒对方注意——是固定口语表达
  • listening 名词化:listening comprehension(听力理解)——KET 考试题型名称

出现在祈使句 Imperative · 介词 Prepositions · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


spend · 花费(时间/钱);度过

v · 链接度 3 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:pay money for something; use time doing something

She spends two hours a day practising the piano. 她每天花两个小时练钢琴。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
pay支付(钱)pay 专指付钱,spend 可以是时间也可以是钱——spend money on / pay for sthpay for the meal · spend money on clothes
pass度过(时间)pass time 偏”消磨时间”,spend time 偏”把时间用在某事上”pass the time · spend time studying
invest投入;投资invest 含有”期望回报”的意思,spend 是纯粹花出去invest time in learning

反义save · earn · keep

Aaron 易错点

  • spend + 时间/钱 + on + 名词:spend time on homework / spend money on food
  • spend + 时间 + (in) doing:spend time doing(in 可省略):❌ spend time to study → ✅ spend time studying
  • spend 不规则:spend → spent → spent,不是 spended
  • cost vs spend:sth costs money(主语是物)vs sb spends money on sth(主语是人)

习语

  • spend a penny = 上厕所(英式委婉语)

出现在动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 介词 Prepositions


swim · 游泳;游泳(n.)

v/n · 链接度 3 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · KET

英文定义:move through water by using arms and legs

He learned to swim when he was four years old. 他四岁就学会了游泳。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
float漂浮float 是静止地漂在水面,swim 是主动用力游动float on the surface · swim across the lake
dive跳水;潜水dive 是向水中跳入或向下潜,swim 是在水平面移动dive into the pool
wade涉水;蹚水wade 是在浅水中行走(不游),swim 是在深水里游wade across the stream

反义sink · drown

Aaron 易错点

  • swim 不规则:swim → swam → swum,不是 swimmed
  • go swimming(出去游泳)是固定搭配,不说 go to swim
  • swim across / swim in / swim to:介词选择按具体动作(穿越/在……游/游向)

习语

  • go swimming = 去游泳
  • sink or swim = 不成功便成仁(独立面对)

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 不规则动词 Irregular Verbs · 现在进行时 Present Continuous


arrive · 到达;抵达

v · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:reach a place after a journey

The train arrived at the station ten minutes late. 火车晚了十分钟才到站。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
reach到达;到达某地reach 直接跟地点(不加介词),arrive 必须加 at/in——reach the station vs arrive at the stationreach home · arrive at school
get to到达(口语)get to 是最口语的说法,arrive at/in 更书面,reach 居中get to the airport · arrive in London
turn up露面;出现(口语)turn up 含”没想到出现了”的意外色彩,arrive 中性He finally turned up two hours late.

反义leave · depart · set off

Aaron 易错点

  • arrive at(具体地点,小)vs arrive in(大城市/国家):arrive at school / arrive in China
  • ❌ arrive to the station → ✅ arrive at the station(arrive 不接 to)
  • reach 直接接地点,不加任何介词:reach the airport(对),❌ reach at the airport

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 介词 Prepositions · 现在完成时 Present Perfect


ever · 曾经;从来(在疑问/否定句中)

adv · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:at any time; used especially in questions and negative sentences

Have you ever eaten sushi? 你吃过寿司吗?

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
at any time在任何时候at any time 是 ever 的完整释义,语气更强调开放性Call me at any time.
always总是always 是”一直/每次都”,ever 是”曾经某次”——时间跨度不同She is always kind vs Has she ever been rude?
once曾经;一度once 侧重”有过一次”的经历,ever 是一般性”曾经”询问I once lived in Paris.

反义never

Aaron 易错点

  • ever 只出现在疑问句和否定句中,不说 I ever went there. → ✅ Have you ever been there?
  • ever 在现在完成时疑问句中固定位置:Have you ever + 过去分词?
  • forever(永远)是合成词,ever(曾经)是单词——拼写别混
  • 比较级 + than ever = 比以往任何时候都……:better than ever / more popular than ever

出现在现在完成时 Present Perfect · 副词 Adverbs · 否定句 Negation


explain · 解释;说明

v · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:make something clear by describing it in more detail

Can you explain why you were late today? 你能解释一下今天为什么迟到吗?

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
describe描述;形容describe 是”画出样子”(外观、细节),explain 是”讲清楚道理”(原因、逻辑)describe a place · explain a reason
clarify澄清;阐明clarify 是消除混淆(让模糊的变清楚),explain 是主动讲解clarify a misunderstanding
illustrate举例说明;图示illustrate 含用例子或图表来说明,比 explain 更具体illustrate with an example

反义confuse · complicate · mislead

Aaron 易错点

  • explain 不能直接接人:❌ explain me the reason → ✅ explain the reason to me(explain 不用双宾语结构)
  • explanation 是名词:give an explanation / an explanation for sth
  • explain why/how/what 接间接疑问句(宾语从句):explain why he left

出现在宾语从句 Object Clauses · 间接引语 Reported Speech · 介词 Prepositions


perform · 表演;执行;完成

v · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:carry out an action or task; present an artistic act in front of an audience

The band performed three songs at the school concert. 乐队在学校音乐会上表演了三首歌。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
act表演;行动act 偏戏剧表演(act in a play),perform 更广——包括音乐、舞蹈、任务执行等act in a drama · perform a dance
present呈现;展示present 侧重”向观众展示”,perform 侧重”现场完成动作”present a project · perform a trick
execute执行;实施execute 偏技术性执行(execute a plan),perform 更广泛execute a task

反义fail · skip · cancel

Aaron 易错点

  • performance 是名词:give a performance(演出)/ put on a performance
  • perform well/poorly = 表现好/差——在 KET 阅读中常见这个用法
  • performer(表演者)= 名词,不要写成 performor

习语

  • put on a performance = 进行表演

出现在一般过去时 Simple Past · 现在进行时 Present Continuous · 被动语态 Passive Voice


seem · 看起来;似乎

v · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:give the impression of being something; appear to be true

She seems upset about something, but won’t talk about it. 她看起来为某事烦恼,但不肯说。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
appear显得;似乎appear 比 seem 更书面,两者几乎可互换,但 appear 常见于正式写作appear nervous · seem nervous
look看起来(视觉)look 限于视觉印象(看起来),seem 可以来自各种感官或逻辑推断look tired · seem strange
sound听起来sound 是听觉印象,seem 更综合——That sounds great / That seems fine.sound interesting · seem wrong

反义be · prove · turn out

Aaron 易错点

  • seem + 形容词(系动词用法):seem happy / seem wrong(不接副词)
  • it seems that + 从句:It seems that she is upset.(也可以说 She seems upset.)
  • seem to do = 似乎在做:She seems to know the answer.
  • seem / appear / look 三胞胎:look 只视觉,sound 只听觉,seem/appear 综合感知

出现在系动词 Linking Verbs · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 宾语从句 Object Clauses


then · 那时;然后;那么

adv/conj · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:at that time; after that; in that case

First we had dinner, then we went for a walk by the lake. 我们先吃了晚饭,然后去湖边散了散步。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
next接下来;然后next 强调顺序中的”紧接下一步”,then 可表时间也可表逻辑推导first…then…next
afterwards之后;事后afterwards 强调”在此之后”(时间,比 then 更明确),then 语义更多元We had tea afterwards.
so那么;因此so 表因果逻辑,then 表时间顺序或”在那种情况下”的推理If it rains, then we'll stay inside.

反义now · before · first

Aaron 易错点

  • then 表时间(那时,然后)vs then 表逻辑(那么,在这种情况下):别只记第一个意思
  • If…then 是条件句固定结构:If you work hard, then you will succeed.
  • then 不能单独连接两个句子(会造成连写句):First we ate, then we left.(用逗号分隔)

出现在副词 Adverbs · 条件句 Conditional Sentences · 时态序列 Tense Sequence


till · 直到……为止;在……之前

prep/conj · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET

英文定义:up to a certain time; continuing to a point in time

We waited till midnight but she never came. 我们等到半夜,但她始终没有出现。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
until直到……为止till 和 until 含义完全相同,但 until 更正式——句首位置或书面英语用 until,口语用 tillWait till I call you. / Wait until I call you.(完全等价)
by在……之前(截止)by 是”不超过某时间点”(截止时间),till 是”持续到某时间点”Finish it by Monday vs Work till Monday.
up to直到;高达up to 表数量上限或时间范围,till 专表时间延续up to ten people · till 10 o'clock

反义from · since · after

Aaron 易错点

  • till = until,两者完全可以互换,但 until 更正式——KET 写作建议用 until
  • not…until = 直到……才:I didn’t sleep until midnight.(不是”直到半夜都在睡”)
  • until/till 引导时间状语从句时,主句用将来时,从句用现在时:Wait till he comes.(不用 will come)

出现在时间状语从句 Time Clauses · 介词 Prepositions · 一般将来时 Simple Future


together · 一起;共同

adv · 链接度 2 · CEFR A2-B1 · 📘 📙 📕 · KET

英文定义:with each other; at the same time and place; joined

Let’s work together and finish this project before the deadline. 我们一起合作,赶在截止日期前完成这个项目吧。

同义网络

中文区别典型场景
jointly共同地;联合地jointly 是书面正式词,together 口语通用jointly responsible
collectively集体地;整体地collectively 强调”作为一个整体”,together 更口语化强调”在一起”act collectively
as a team作为一个团队as a team 强调团队协作,together 更泛指”共同”work as a team

反义apart · separately · alone

Aaron 易错点

  • together vs each other:together = 一起做(We played together)/ each other = 互相对对方做(We helped each other)——完全不同概念
  • put together = 组合起来(动词短语),与 together 独立副词用法不同
  • all together(= all at once,全部一起)vs altogether(= completely,完全地)——拼写差距一个空格

习语

  • get it together = 振作起来;把事情理清楚(口语)
  • together with = 连同;加上(= along with)

出现在副词 Adverbs · 代词 Pronouns · 一般现在时 Simple Present