❤️ 词枢纽 · 情绪
10 词,按链接度(同义词数量)降序排列 数据源:02_emotions.yml 浏览入口:_总索引
📑 词头索引
tired · angry · sorry · sad · love · happy pain · worry · hope · hate
tired · 疲倦的;厌倦的;使疲倦(v. tire 的过去分词)
adj/v· 链接度 58 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:needing rest after effort; bored or weary of something repeated
She was so tired after the long run that she fell asleep on the sofa. 长跑之后她累得倒在沙发上就睡着了。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| exhausted | 精疲力竭 | tired 是普通疲倦,exhausted 是彻底榨干——“再也迈不动腿”那种 | exhausted after the marathon |
| weary | 身心俱疲(带厌倦感) | weary 含持续的倦意,常伴有心理消耗,比 tired 更文学化 | weary of waiting |
| sleepy | 犯困的 | sleepy 专指想睡觉,tired 更泛指身体累,两者可以同时成立也可分开 | feel sleepy in class |
| worn out | 筋疲力尽 | 口语短语,强调”用坏了”的意象,比 tired 更形象有力 | worn out after work |
反义:energetic · refreshed · awake
Aaron 易错点
- tired of + Ving:厌倦做某事——I’m tired of studying → 不是「累到学不下去」而是「不想学了」
- get tired 是「变累」,be tired 是「已经很累」,时态决定意思
- ❌ I am very tire. ✅ I am very tired.(tire 是动词,形容词要用过去分词 tired)
- tired 修饰人,tiring 修饰事:I’m tired(人累)/ The class is tiring(课让人累)
习语
- tired out = 彻底累垮
- tired of = 厌倦(+Ving) (后接动名词,不接不定式)
出现在:形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 现在完成时 Present Perfect · 被动语态 Passive Voice
angry · 愤怒的;生气的
adj· 链接度 30 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:feeling or showing strong displeasure; very annoyed or upset
She was angry at herself for forgetting the homework. 她为忘带作业而生自己的气。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| furious | 暴怒的 | furious 是愤怒的最高档,像火山喷发——angry 是煤气灶,furious 是锅炉爆炸 | furious at the lies |
| annoyed | 恼火的 | annoyed 是轻度不爽(蚊子叮),angry 是真正的怒火,程度差一个档 | annoyed by the noise |
| mad | 发怒的(口语) | 美式口语里 mad = angry;英式 mad = crazy(疯了),KET 考英式要当心 | Don't be mad at me. |
| upset | 心烦的;难过的 | upset 是情绪被扰乱(既可是怒也可是悲),angry 方向更明确指向外部 | upset about the news |
反义:calm · pleased · happy
Aaron 易错点
- 介词陷阱:angry with sb(对人生气)/ angry at/about sth(对事生气)——不能说
angry to sb - ❌ She is very anger. ✅ She is very angry.(anger 是名词,形容词是 angry)
- 比较级注意:angrier / angriest(不是 more angry,虽然也偶见)
- mad 在英式英语 = 疯了,不是生气——KET 阅读遇到 mad 要先判断语境
习语
- see red = 勃然大怒(口语)
- angry bird = 愤怒的小鸟(流行文化固定短语)
出现在:形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 介词 Prepositions
sorry · 对不起;遗憾的;可怜的
adj/interj· 链接度 27 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:feeling regret or sadness; an expression of apology
I’m so sorry I missed your birthday party. 真的很抱歉错过了你的生日派对。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| apologetic | 道歉的;歉意的 | apologetic 是形容词,强调”表现出歉意的状态”,比 sorry 更书面,不能单独作感叹词 | He gave an apologetic smile. |
| regretful | 遗憾的 | regretful 偏重”事后痛惜”,sorry 既可当下道歉也可表遗憾——regretful 不用于直接道歉 | regretful about missing the chance |
| remorseful | 悔恨的 | remorseful 是深层道德自责(做了坏事后良心不安),比 sorry 沉重得多 | remorseful for his mistakes |
反义:glad · pleased · proud
Aaron 易错点
- Sorry?(单独用,句末上扬)= 什么?没听清——不是道歉,是请对方重复
- sorry for sb(同情某人)/ sorry about sth(为某事道歉)——介词不同义思不同
- ❌ I feel sorrow about that. ✅ I’m sorry about that.(sorrow 是名词,此处要用形容词 sorry)
- I’m sorry to hear that. 固定表达——表达同情,不是真的「听到后道歉」
习语
- Sorry about that. = 真不好意思(轻度道歉,口语)
- I’m sorry to hear that. = 听到这个消息我很遗憾 (表同情的固定句式)
出现在:形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions · 宾语从句 Object Clauses
sad · 悲伤的;难过的
adj· 链接度 19 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:unhappy because of loss or disappointment; causing sorrow
The ending of the film made everyone feel sad. 电影的结局让所有人都难过起来。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| unhappy | 不快乐的 | unhappy 更泛指”缺乏快乐”(也许是长期状态),sad 指向具体的悲伤事件 | unhappy childhood · sad news |
| miserable | 痛苦不堪的 | miserable 是升级版 sad——既悲又苦,常带有生活处境糟糕的含义 | miserable in the rain without a coat |
| gloomy | 阴郁的 | gloomy 带有对未来悲观的色调,像乌云压境,不单纯是情绪悲伤 | a gloomy outlook |
| sorrowful | 充满悲痛的 | sorrowful 是文学词,比 sad 更深沉庄重,多用于诗歌或葬礼场景 | sorrowful eyes |
反义:happy · cheerful · joyful
Aaron 易错点
- sad 修饰人,sadness 是名词:I feel sad / I feel sadness(都对,但后者偏书面)
- ❌ I am very sad of him. ✅ I am very sad for him.(同情用 for,不用 of)
- get sad 是动态,be sad 是状态——He got sad when he heard it(变悲了)
- sad 比较级:sadder / saddest(双写 d)
习语
- sad to say = 遗憾地说
- as sad as… = 像……一样难过(比较句式)
出现在:形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 一般过去时 Simple Past
love · 爱;热爱;爱人(n.)
n/v· 链接度 16 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:a deep feeling of care and affection; to feel deep affection for
I love the smell of rain on dry earth. 我爱雨落在干土上的气息。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| adore | 崇拜;极喜爱 | adore 是 love 的强化版——含仰视和崇拜色彩,口语里”我超爱这个”常用 adore | She adores her little brother. |
| like | 喜欢 | like 是 love 的弱化版——“喜欢但不到爱”,两者程度差一个台阶 | I like tea, but I love coffee. |
| cherish | 珍爱;珍藏 | cherish 强调”精心保护不想失去”,更多是内心珍视而非表达情感 | cherish every moment |
| affection | 深情;爱意(n.) | affection 是名词,指温暖的感情,比 love 更温和,不含激烈的浪漫成分 | show affection to animals |
反义:hate · dislike · loathe
Aaron 易错点
- love + Ving(爱做某事)vs love + to do(某次具体愿望):I love reading / I’d love to read this book
- fall in love with sb(固定搭配),不说
fall in love to sb - love 作名词时:give my love to your mum(代我向你妈妈问好)——不是字面翻译
- Love, Rob(信末署名)= 爱你的 Rob——英文信末的固定情感收尾
习语
- fall in love (with) = 坠入爱河
- love at first sight = 一见钟情
- be in love with = 爱着某人(持续状态)
- for the love of = 因为对……的热爱
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 现在完成时 Present Perfect
happy · 快乐的;幸福的;乐意的
adj· 链接度 13 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:feeling pleasure or contentment; willing and glad to do something
She was happy to help, even though it was already late. 尽管已经很晚了,她还是乐意帮忙。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| glad | 高兴的(因某件事) | glad 必须有”因由”——glad about/that/to,不能无缘无故说 I am glad;happy 可以是整体状态 | glad to hear the news |
| cheerful | 开朗的;愉快的 | cheerful 是性格特质(天生乐天派),happy 是当下情绪——cheerful person vs happy moment | a cheerful smile |
| joyful | 充满喜悦的 | joyful 比 happy 更强烈、更文学化,常用于诗歌或特殊时刻(joyful celebration) | joyful tears |
| pleased | 满意的;高兴的 | pleased 是”满意地高兴”——因某事符合预期而愉快,比 happy 多了一层”如愿”的意思 | pleased with the result |
反义:sad · unhappy · miserable
Aaron 易错点
- happy to do(乐意做)是固定搭配,不说
happy of doing - ❌ I am very happiness. ✅ I am very happy.(happiness 是名词,这里要形容词)
- Happy birthday! / Happy New Year! 是固定祝福表达——不能说
Glad birthday! - 比较级:happier / happiest(y → i 变形规则)
习语
- happy-go-lucky = 无忧无虑的
- happy ending = 大团圆结局
- as happy as a lark = 快乐无比(习语)
出现在:形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 比较级与最高级 Comparatives & Superlatives · 感叹句 Exclamative Sentences
pain · 疼痛;痛苦;使痛苦(v.)
n/v· 链接度 11 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:a strong unpleasant feeling from injury or sickness; deep mental suffering
He bit his lip to hold back the pain. 他咬紧嘴唇忍住疼痛。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ache | 持续的隐痛 | ache 是钝性的持续疼痛(toothache 牙疼、backache 腰疼),pain 既可急性也可慢性 | a dull ache in the shoulder |
| hurt | 疼;受伤 | hurt 是口语动词(My head hurts.),pain 更书面,hurt 不能说 | My knee hurts when I run. |
| suffering | 苦难;煎熬 | suffering 是精神层面的持续折磨,pain 既指身体疼痛也指情感创伤,suffering 侧重后者 | the suffering of loss |
| agony | 极度痛苦 | agony 是 pain 的最高级——剧烈到难以忍受,带有戏剧性色彩 | in agony after the fall |
反义:pleasure · comfort · joy
Aaron 易错点
- pain 是不可数名词,不说
a pain in my head(除非比喻「烦人的事」)——正式用 I have a pain in my head 其实也通,但教材更常见 My head hurts - painful 修饰事(a painful experience),not pain:❌ a pain experience
- in pain(处于疼痛中)固定介词搭配,不是
on pain/with pain - be a pain(in the neck)= 让人烦透了(口语惯用语,不是身体痛)
习语
- in pain = 处于痛苦中
- no pain, no gain = 不劳无获
- a pain in the neck = 令人厌烦的人或事
出现在:名词与冠词 Nouns & Articles · 形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions
worry · 担心;烦恼;令人担忧(v.)
n/v· 链接度 8 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · KET
英文定义:to feel anxious about something uncertain; a cause of anxiety
Don’t worry about the test—you’ve done everything you can. 别为考试担心了,你已经做了一切能做的事。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| anxious | 焦虑的;渴望的 | anxious 是形容词(状态),worry 是动词/名词(动作/事件);两者都指不确定带来的紧张 | anxious about the result |
| concern | 担忧;关切 | concern 更正式,常指对他人福祉的关切(concern for others),worry 更口语化、自我中心 | express concern for safety |
| fret | 焦虑;烦恼(过度担心) | fret 含”过度担心小事”的意味,带轻微批评色彩——Don’t fret!(别那么担心) | fret over every detail |
| fear | 害怕;担心 | fear 是对危险的具体恐惧,worry 是对不确定结果的焦虑——害怕 vs 担心 | fear of failure |
反义:relax · trust · calm
Aaron 易错点
- worry about sth(固定搭配):❌ worry for / ✅ worry about
- Don’t worry. 口语固定回应,不说
Don’t be worry.(worry 此处是动词,不是形容词) - worried 是形容词(人担心的),worrying 是形容词(事令人担心的):I’m worried / That’s worrying
- worry 名词复数:worries(y→ies 变形)
习语
- Don’t worry about it. = 别在意(安慰语)
- worry oneself sick = 担心到病倒
出现在:形容词与副词 Adjectives & Adverbs · 介词 Prepositions · 现在进行时 Present Continuous
hope · 希望;期望
n/v· 链接度 3 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 📕 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:a feeling that something good will happen; to want and believe something will occur
I hope we have good weather for the school trip. 希望学校旅行那天天气好。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| wish | 愿望;希望(含反事实) | wish 常用于虚拟语气(wish + 过去时 = 现实中做不到的愿望),hope 接的是可能实现的期望 | hope to pass · wish I could fly |
| expect | 期待;预期 | expect 有更强的”确信会发生”的语气,hope 带更多”可能性”和情感期许 | expect good results |
| desire | 渴望;欲望 | desire 比 hope 更强烈、更主动,常带执念色彩,书面语 | desire for change |
反义:despair · fear · dread
Aaron 易错点
- hope to do(自己要做)vs hope sb to do(❌错!)——❌ I hope you to come / ✅ I hope you will come
- I hope so. / I hope not. 固定搭配——不说
I hope yes/no - hope vs wish:❌ I wish the weather is fine tomorrow(不确定但可能发生,用 hope)
- in the hope of + Ving(固定短语):in the hope of finding a solution
习语
- I hope so. = 我希望如此
- hope for the best = 往好处想
- beyond hope = 毫无希望
出现在:宾语从句 Object Clauses · 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood · 动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives
hate · 憎恨;厌恶;极不喜欢
v/n· 链接度 2 · CEFRA2-B1· 📘 📙 · Ogden · KET
英文定义:to feel very strong dislike or disgust for something or someone
He hates getting up early, especially in winter. 他讨厌早起,尤其是冬天。
同义网络
| 词 | 中文 | 区别 | 典型场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| dislike | 不喜欢;厌恶 | dislike 是 hate 的轻量版——hate 是强烈厌恶,dislike 是”不怎么喜欢”,程度差一个台阶 | dislike loud music · hate lies |
| detest | 憎恶;深恶痛绝 | detest 是 hate 的书面升级版,带有道德反感色彩,常用于正式写作 | She detests any form of cruelty. |
| loathe | 厌恶;嫌恶 | loathe 比 hate 更感官化——有时带恶心、生理性排斥,是厌恶情绪中最强烈的词 | loathe the smell of cigarettes |
反义:love · adore · like
Aaron 易错点
- hate + Ving(习惯性厌恶)vs hate + to do(某次具体不情愿):I hate getting up late / I hate to say this, but…
- ❌ I very hate this. ✅ I hate this very much / I really hate this.(hate 前不能直接加 very)
- hatred 是名词(憎恨之情),hate 作名词偏口语——full of hatred / feel nothing but hate
- hate speech(仇恨言论)是固定搭配,Aaron 读新闻类题目可能遇到
习语
- hate sb’s guts = 极度厌恶某人(口语强烈)
- I hate to say it, but… = 我不得不说……(用来引出坏消息)
出现在:动名词与不定式 Gerunds & Infinitives · 一般现在时 Simple Present · 否定句 Negation